Module

　　3-4

　　Ⅰ.閱讀理解

　　A

　　If you have ever tried a new sport or attempted learning a musical instrument, you are well aware that the hardest part is getting started. Once you figure out the technique, the skills return fairly easily, even if they are not used for long periods of time. Most experts attribute this to “muscle memory”， which means the brain remembers the action and can recall it when needed. Now some researchers from John Hopkins University believe there is another factor that may be as important in recalling previously learned motor skills—the errors made while learning the task.

　　The study led by Reza Shadmehr, Professor of Biomedical Engineering, involved asking volunteers to play a simple video game: hitting a red target dot with a slightly smaller blue dot, similar to playing virtual games. What the gamers did not know was that as soon as they mastered the game, the researchers reprogrammed it by moving the blue dot slightly off-course, thereby forcing them to restart the learning process. What the scientists observed was that though the volunteers did make mistakes every time the game was changed, they got successively faster at mastering it.

　　Shadmehr believes that this has something to do with the fact that in addition to delivering the task to muscle memory, the brain is also recognizing each wrong move and learning how to correct it. He compares it to having a coach that points out the mistakes and makes suggestions on how to improve.

　　What surprises the scientists most is that making mistakes not only trains the brain to perform better at a specific task, but also helps it learn faster from errors, even when the mistakes are made while learning a completely different task. The researchers believe that the brain keeps a general database of errors and draws_on them whenever a new motor skill is being learned, to ensure that mistakes are not repeated. This helps make successive learning processes much faster.

　　語篇解讀：本文介紹了“肌肉記憶”，以及大腦能夠從錯誤中學習。

　　1．Which example can explain the “muscle memory”？

　　A．One can finish a task better than others.

　　B．One can remember a thing for a long time.

　　C．One can master a game faster than others.

　　D．A skill that one mastered before can return easily.

　　答案：D　細節理解題。由第一段第二句對muscle memory的解釋可知，人在掌握了一項技能后，即使長時間不用，也能很容易地重新掌握這項技能，故D項符合。

　　2．What happened when the scientists changed the game?

　　A．The gamers couldn't hit the target.

　　B．The gamers became very puzzled.

　　C．The gamers found it easy to play.

　　D．The gamers made some mistakes.

　　答案：D　細節理解題。由第二段最后一句可知，游戲被改變之后，游戲者會犯錯誤。

　　3．The underlined phrase “draws on” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________.

　　A．gets rid of

　　B．goes on with

　　C．makes use of

　　D．gets ready for

　　答案：C　詞義猜測題。上文提到大腦儲存(所犯)錯誤的數據，所以當學習新的技能的時候，它會利用這些數據。

　　4．What probably made the scientists surprised most?

　　A．Everyone has muscle memory.

　　B．Errors can help us learn faster.

　　C．The brain is magical and powerful.

　　D．Playing video games is beneficial.

　　答案：B　細節理解題。科學家發現錯誤不僅能夠訓練大腦把某項具體任務執行得更好，而且有助于大腦更快地從錯誤中學習。

　　B

　　(2024·遼寧撫順六校聯考)

　　I was appreciating my family photos on my computer, admiring my two beautiful babies, when I found a disturbing trend: my laptop was open in almost all the pictures. There was my daughter, 8 months old, playing at my feet while I was typing away on the couch. There was me and my son, with the laptop at my side as I held him in my arms.

　　I'd heard about the Internet addiction before, but always assumed it was something limited to socially challenged guys

　　who played too much World of Warcraft (a computer game). Now it seemed my Internet “habit” is slowly but surely crossing the line. Sometimes I find myself up at midnight, surfing the

　　Web while my family are sleeping. I read news, keep up with friends and write my blog... just for something to do.

　　It turns out that I'm not the only mama who is addicted to the computer. These moms are contributing to a growing

　　global addiction. There's a movement among psychiatrists (doctors who specialize in mental diseases) to recognize the Internet addiction as an official mental disorder. And a recent Stanford University national survey found that 14 percent of Internet users find it hard to stay away from it for

　　several days at a time; 9 percent try to hide their “unnecessary Internet use” from their loved ones; 8 percent admit they use the Web as a way to escape problems.

　　You're likely not the kind of addict who doesn't bathe and abuses drugs to help her stay “up” for more online time. You may have noticed, though, that going online has become a necessary part of your life, which, at least, means a load of clothes go unwashed. It may also mean you're missing much time with your baby—something you probably do care about.

　　語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。作者通過在日常生活中使用電腦的狀況討論了電腦對生活的影響，尤其是消極影響。

　　5．From Paragraph 1, we can conclude that ________.

　　A．the author was busy taking care of her babies

　　B．the author's job had something to do with computers

　　C．the author was not good at taking photos of her babies

　　D．the author looked after her babies while using the computer

　　答案：D　推理判斷題。根據文章第一段內容可以看出作者在照看小孩時也在使用著電腦。故D項正確。

　　6．The author used to think that the Internet addiction is ________.

　　A．using the web at midnight

　　B．keeping up with friends online

　　C．spending too much time online

　　D．being addicted to computer games

　　答案：D　細節理解題。根據第二段第一句“...always assumed it was something limited to socially challenged guys

　　who played too much World of Warcraft (a computer game)．”可知D項正確。

　　7．In medical terms, the Internet addiction is ________.

　　A．a personal life habit

　　B．a way to escape problems

　　C．an official mental disorder

　　D．the unnecessary use of the Internet

　　答案：C　細節理解題。根據第三段第三句“There's a movement among psychiatrists (doctors who specialize in mental diseases) to recognize the Internet addiction as an official mental disorder.”可知C項正確。

　　8．What does the author want to express in the last but one paragraph?

　　A．Many women still can control their online time.

　　B．The Internet addiction influences housewives' lives a lot.

　　C．Going online has become a necessary part of women's lives.

　　D．Many people don't realize that they are addicted to the Internet.

　　答案：B　主旨大意題。文章倒數第二段即第三段講述的是電腦是如何影響到家庭主婦的生活的。故B項正確。

　　Ⅱ.七選五

　　根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

　　__1__ She described all the things she had to do—one was to make her bed—from the moment she woke up until she flew out of the door for work.I suggested she experiment by not making her bed for two weeks.She was shocked，probably thinking I'd been raised by wolves in a forest.__2__

　　Two weeks later she went into my office beaming.She had left her bed unmade for the first time in 42 years? and nothing bad had happened.“And you know what？”she said.“I don't dry my dishes anymore，either.”

　　__3__ One was discovering that she had choices in her life that she had never seen before.The other was giving herself permission to be less than perfect.This story shows an important principle (原理) about managing time：No one can do it all.Each of us has to make choices and accept trade-offs.The problem is，many people choose in ways that put themselves and their health last.They take better care of their houses and cars than they do of themselves.__4__

　　So what is the solution？There's an easy way.Decide what you want in your life，and put that first.On a daily basis，that should include regular meals，enough sleep and time with your family.Exercise，leisure，friendships and hobbies should also be regular aspects of life.__5__ The choice is yours：whatever makes you feel good about yourself and your life.Take a nap.Take a walk.Take time to play the piano.Stop bringing your briefcase home from the office.Stop keeping your house as clean as your mother kept hers .Fill more of your time with want-to-dos instead of have-to-dos.

　　A．This woman had made two major breakthroughs (突破)．

　　B．Above all，you needn't do anything for yourself regularly.

　　C．They put everyone else's needs ahead of their own.

　　D．However，she went along with my idea.

　　E．Most people do not take time to relax themselves.

　　F．The point is to do something for yourself every day.

　　G．A patient came to see me about the stress in her life.

　　答案：

　　1．G　文章開頭先引主人公，且空后的she即指代G項中的a patient，故選G。

　　2．D

　　由空前她的吃驚到下文接受我的建議，之間為轉折，故選D。

　　3．A

　　由空后的One was...The other was 可知與A項這個女人有了兩個大的突破，項對應，故選A。

　　4．C 由空前“The problem is，many people choose in ways that put themselves and their health last.”可知許多人把自己和自己的健康放到最后，與C項他們把別人的需要放在自己前面，相對應，故選C。

　　5．F

　　最后一空為總結的話，且空前內容“Exercise，leisure，friendships and hobbies should also be regular aspects of life，”可知作者要告訴我們每天為自己做一些事情，故選F。

　　Ⅲ.語法填空

　　閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容(1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。

　　(2024·河北衡水中學二模)

　　We're human, and it's not always easy to get along with everyone all the time. Sometimes we hurt other people's feelings without intending to. Sometimes，we're __1__(deliberate) mean and we feel bad afterward. So we apologize. Apologies are one of the tools we use to build good friendships and relationships.__2__ you say“I'm sorry” (and really mean it), it's because you probably feel bad that something you did or said hurt the other person. Saying you're sorry is more than just words. You're also saying that you respect the other person

　　__3__

　　you care about his or her feelings. Apologizing shows you have empathy.

　　After apologizing，you might feel a little __4__(good)．The other person probably will, too. When you apologize in a caring way, you can feel good because you are trying to make things right again.

　　Sometimes a heartfelt“I'm sorry” __5__(fix) everything right away. Other times，it might take

　　__6__ while for someone to get past feeling upset. You may need to give the other person some time. Even after you say you're sorry, you might still feel bad about what you said or did—but you can feel good about apologizing, fixing the mistake, or making up your __7__ to do better. When someone apologizes to you，you may welcome it and be ready to forgive

　　__8__

　　happened and move on. Or you might not feel like being friendly again right away. If a person keeps hurting you and __9__ (apologize)without making an effort to change，you might not want to hang about __10__

　　that person any more.

　　1．______　2.______　3.______　4.______　5.______

　　6．______　7.______　8.______　9.______　10.______

　　語篇解讀：本文為議論文，題材為人際關系。向他人道歉是我們與他人建立友好關系的重要方式。

　　1．deliberately　考查副詞。由設空前的we're及設空后的mean可知設空處填副詞形式。

　　2．When　考查連詞。此處表示“當你向對方說‘對不起’的時候”，故用when引導時間狀語從句。

　　3．and　考查并列連詞。you respect the other person與you care about his

　　or her feelings為并列關系，故用and連接。

　　4．better　考查比較級。這里指道歉之后你可能會感覺好一些。a little修飾比較級。

　　5．fixes　考查主謂一致。主語a heartfelt“I'm sorry”為單數概念，故謂語動詞用fixes。

　　6．a　考查冠詞。take a while意為“需要一段時間”。

　　7．mind　考查固定搭配。make up one's mind to do sth.“下決心做某事”。

　　8．whatever　考查賓語從句。forgive后缺賓語，分析句子結構可知應用whatever引導賓語從句。

　　9．apologizing　考查非謂語動詞。設空處與hurting并列，故用apologizing。

　　10．with　考查介詞。hang about with sb.意為“和某人長時間待在一起”。

　　Ⅳ.短文改錯

　　假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用()劃掉。

　　修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

　　注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

　　2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。

　　The winter holiday is coming，which made me excited.I have been looking forward at relaxing myself.I'd like to go skating，climb mountains and see several movie.I think I can play the basketball with my classmates.How a wonderful time I'll have during the winter holiday！However，my parents think different.They don't want me

　　go out.They are afraid I'll be knocked down by a truck，fallen off a tree，or fight with others.Besides，they are afraid I will lose my way.I hate being treated like a bird keeping in a cage.To get more freedom，so I will try to persuade them.

　　答案：

　　The winter holiday is coming，which

　　me excited.I have been looking forward

　　relaxing myself.I'd like to go skating，climb mountains and see several .I think I can play the basketball with my classmates. a wonderful time I'll have during the winter holiday！However，my parents think .They don't want me

　　go out.They are afraid I'll be knocked down by a truck， off a tree，or fight with others.Besides，they are afraid I will lose my way.I hate being treated like a bird

　　in a cage.To get more freedom，so I will try to persuade them.