堅決捍衛合法權利 維護多邊貿易體制

China Will Firmly Protect Its Legitimate Interests and Multilateral Trade System

商務部部長 高虎城

Gao Hucheng, Minister of Commerce

2001年12月11日，中國正式加入世界貿易組織。15年來，作為世界上最大的發展中國家，中國積極推動全球貿易投資自由化便利化，深度參與經濟全球化進程，始終是多邊貿易體制的積極參與者、堅定維護者和重要貢獻者，始終嚴格遵守世貿組織規則，認真履行承諾義務。國際金融危機爆發后，在多哈回合談判陷入遲滯的情況下，中國繼續高舉多邊貿易旗幟，無論是在巴厘島還是內羅畢的部長級會議上，都充分發揮了負責任貿易大國的引領作用，推動世貿組織繼續前行，為促進全球經濟的繁榮、多邊貿易體制的發展，做出了積極、重要的貢獻。

Fifteen years have passed since China officially joined the WTO on December 11, 2001. Over the years, China, as the biggest developing country in the world, has been committed to liberalization and facilitation of global trade and investment and engaging in economic globalization. China also participated in, protected and contributed to the multilateral trade system by observing WTO rules and fulfilling its promises and responsibilities. After the outbreak of the global financial crisis, China continued its efforts on multilateral trade rules. When the Doha Round met with impasse, China, at both ministerial meetings in Bali and Nairobi, played a leading role as a responsible major trading country, in a bid to help the WTO move forward, bolster global prosperity and boost multilateral trade system.

世貿組織是以規則為基礎的多邊貿易體制，遵守規則是國際貿易投資得以有序繁榮發展的關鍵。長期以來，作為世界經濟體系的三大支柱之一，多邊貿易體制得到有效維護，多邊規則得到認真遵守，是全球經濟繁榮發展的根本保證，對于世界的和平穩定具有不可替代的重要作用。世貿組織規則已經成為國際法的重要組成部分。

Since WTO acts as a rule-based multilateral trading system, its rules must be observed to ensure an orderly and sustained development of international trade and investment. Over the years, an effective observation of multilateral trade system and rules, one of the three pillars of the world economic system, has laid a foundation for global economic prosperity and played an irreplaceable part in world peace and stability. The WTO rules are now an integral part of international law.

嚴格遵守條約義務是國際法的基本原則。作為《世界貿易組織協定》的組成部分，《中國加入世貿組織議定書》（以下稱《議定書》）第十五條規定，對華反傾銷中采用“替代國”價格而非受調查的中國產業價格計算傾銷幅度的做法，在中國加入世貿組織15年后，即自2024年12月11日起，必須終止。作為世貿組織的一項法律規定，如期終止對華反傾銷“替代國”做法是國際條約義務，所有成員都必須嚴格遵守。這一點是明確和不容置疑的。中國的合法權益必須得到維護。

The basic principles of international law call for each party to abide by the obligations stated in the treaties. As a constituent part of “WTO Agreement”, the Article 15 of the Protocol on the Accession of the People’s Republic of China to the WTO stipulates that the “surrogate country approach” used by member countries to calculate anti-dumping measures against Chinese exports will expire 15 years after the date of accession. The provision means that starting from December 11, 2024, any future anti-dumping cases against China should make comparison with prices or costs in China. Since this obligation has been written into the international treaty, each WTO member should fulfill it without doubt by abolishing the “surrogate country system” as scheduled. China’s legitimate interests should be duly protected.

中國有句古話：言必信，行必果。契約精神是市場經濟的基石，信守條約是國際法的基本準則。維護條約義務的嚴肅性，維護多邊貿易體制的權威性，是世貿組織成員的共同義務，也是各成員的共同利益。目前，絕大多數世貿組織成員已經提前或如期履行《議定書》第十五條項下的條約義務，對華終止使用反傾銷“替代國”做法。

There is an old saying in China that “promises must be kept and actions must be resolute”. The spirit of contract is the foundation of market economy while commitment to fulfill promises is the basic principle of international law. It is the shared obligation and common interest of each member state to honor the terms in the protocol and maintain the authority of the multilateral trading system. Most of the WTO members have fulfilled their obligations stipulated under the Article 15 in the protocol ahead or on schedule by terminating the “surrogate country system” against China.

但是，仍有少數成員拒絕履行《議定書》第十五條義務，并刻意混淆《議定書》第十五條與其國內法中所謂“市場經濟國家”的概念，甚至將部分行業產能過剩問題與之掛鉤。事實上，世貿組織本身的規則中并沒有相關概念。所謂“市場經濟國家”標準，是個別成員冷戰時期的國內產物，世貿組織164個成員中有此國內立法的寥寥無幾，屈指可數。產能過剩更是全球性問題，需要世界各國共同應對。這些與如期徹底履行世貿組織條約義務沒有任何關系。中國堅決反對肆意曲解世貿組織規則、肢解多邊貿易體制的行為。中方敦促所有世貿組織成員，重信守諾，遵守國際法準則，切實履行國際義務。對于個別成員不履行義務的行為，中國將堅定地維護自身合法權益，保留采取進一步措施的權利，同絕大多數世貿組織成員一道，共同維護多邊貿易體制的嚴肅性。

But a few have refused to do so. They even tried to obscure the term “market economy” with their domestic logic, or cite overcapacity in some industries as an excuse for delay. The WTO rules, as a matter of fact, did not provide detailed definition of “market economy”. The so-called standard of “market economy” was actually created during the Cold War, and only a few of the 164 WTO members have adopted such standards in their internal laws. As for the overcapacity issue, it is a problem faced by, and should be solved by, all countries in the world. They cannot use such excuses to postpone the fulfillment of their obligations. China firmly opposes such misinterpretation of WTO rules and multilateral trading system. China urges each party to keep their words, observe international law and fulfill their international obligations. As for those who refuse to keep their promises, China will adamantly protect its legitimate interests and reserve the right to take further measures. China will join hands with most of the member states to protect the solemnness of multilateral trading system.

堅決捍衛合法權利 維護多邊貿易體制

China Will Firmly Protect Its Legitimate Interests and Multilateral Trade System

商務部部長 高虎城

Gao Hucheng, Minister of Commerce

2001年12月11日，中國正式加入世界貿易組織。15年來，作為世界上最大的發展中國家，中國積極推動全球貿易投資自由化便利化，深度參與經濟全球化進程，始終是多邊貿易體制的積極參與者、堅定維護者和重要貢獻者，始終嚴格遵守世貿組織規則，認真履行承諾義務。國際金融危機爆發后，在多哈回合談判陷入遲滯的情況下，中國繼續高舉多邊貿易旗幟，無論是在巴厘島還是內羅畢的部長級會議上，都充分發揮了負責任貿易大國的引領作用，推動世貿組織繼續前行，為促進全球經濟的繁榮、多邊貿易體制的發展，做出了積極、重要的貢獻。

Fifteen years have passed since China officially joined the WTO on December 11, 2001. Over the years, China, as the biggest developing country in the world, has been committed to liberalization and facilitation of global trade and investment and engaging in economic globalization. China also participated in, protected and contributed to the multilateral trade system by observing WTO rules and fulfilling its promises and responsibilities. After the outbreak of the global financial crisis, China continued its efforts on multilateral trade rules. When the Doha Round met with impasse, China, at both ministerial meetings in Bali and Nairobi, played a leading role as a responsible major trading country, in a bid to help the WTO move forward, bolster global prosperity and boost multilateral trade system.

世貿組織是以規則為基礎的多邊貿易體制，遵守規則是國際貿易投資得以有序繁榮發展的關鍵。長期以來，作為世界經濟體系的三大支柱之一，多邊貿易體制得到有效維護，多邊規則得到認真遵守，是全球經濟繁榮發展的根本保證，對于世界的和平穩定具有不可替代的重要作用。世貿組織規則已經成為國際法的重要組成部分。

Since WTO acts as a rule-based multilateral trading system, its rules must be observed to ensure an orderly and sustained development of international trade and investment. Over the years, an effective observation of multilateral trade system and rules, one of the three pillars of the world economic system, has laid a foundation for global economic prosperity and played an irreplaceable part in world peace and stability. The WTO rules are now an integral part of international law.

嚴格遵守條約義務是國際法的基本原則。作為《世界貿易組織協定》的組成部分，《中國加入世貿組織議定書》（以下稱《議定書》）第十五條規定，對華反傾銷中采用“替代國”價格而非受調查的中國產業價格計算傾銷幅度的做法，在中國加入世貿組織15年后，即自2024年12月11日起，必須終止。作為世貿組織的一項法律規定，如期終止對華反傾銷“替代國”做法是國際條約義務，所有成員都必須嚴格遵守。這一點是明確和不容置疑的。中國的合法權益必須得到維護。

The basic principles of international law call for each party to abide by the obligations stated in the treaties. As a constituent part of “WTO Agreement”, the Article 15 of the Protocol on the Accession of the People’s Republic of China to the WTO stipulates that the “surrogate country approach” used by member countries to calculate anti-dumping measures against Chinese exports will expire 15 years after the date of accession. The provision means that starting from December 11, 2024, any future anti-dumping cases against China should make comparison with prices or costs in China. Since this obligation has been written into the international treaty, each WTO member should fulfill it without doubt by abolishing the “surrogate country system” as scheduled. China’s legitimate interests should be duly protected.

中國有句古話：言必信，行必果。契約精神是市場經濟的基石，信守條約是國際法的基本準則。維護條約義務的嚴肅性，維護多邊貿易體制的權威性，是世貿組織成員的共同義務，也是各成員的共同利益。目前，絕大多數世貿組織成員已經提前或如期履行《議定書》第十五條項下的條約義務，對華終止使用反傾銷“替代國”做法。

There is an old saying in China that “promises must be kept and actions must be resolute”. The spirit of contract is the foundation of market economy while commitment to fulfill promises is the basic principle of international law. It is the shared obligation and common interest of each member state to honor the terms in the protocol and maintain the authority of the multilateral trading system. Most of the WTO members have fulfilled their obligations stipulated under the Article 15 in the protocol ahead or on schedule by terminating the “surrogate country system” against China.

但是，仍有少數成員拒絕履行《議定書》第十五條義務，并刻意混淆《議定書》第十五條與其國內法中所謂“市場經濟國家”的概念，甚至將部分行業產能過剩問題與之掛鉤。事實上，世貿組織本身的規則中并沒有相關概念。所謂“市場經濟國家”標準，是個別成員冷戰時期的國內產物，世貿組織164個成員中有此國內立法的寥寥無幾，屈指可數。產能過剩更是全球性問題，需要世界各國共同應對。這些與如期徹底履行世貿組織條約義務沒有任何關系。中國堅決反對肆意曲解世貿組織規則、肢解多邊貿易體制的行為。中方敦促所有世貿組織成員，重信守諾，遵守國際法準則，切實履行國際義務。對于個別成員不履行義務的行為，中國將堅定地維護自身合法權益，保留采取進一步措施的權利，同絕大多數世貿組織成員一道，共同維護多邊貿易體制的嚴肅性。

But a few have refused to do so. They even tried to obscure the term “market economy” with their domestic logic, or cite overcapacity in some industries as an excuse for delay. The WTO rules, as a matter of fact, did not provide detailed definition of “market economy”. The so-called standard of “market economy” was actually created during the Cold War, and only a few of the 164 WTO members have adopted such standards in their internal laws. As for the overcapacity issue, it is a problem faced by, and should be solved by, all countries in the world. They cannot use such excuses to postpone the fulfillment of their obligations. China firmly opposes such misinterpretation of WTO rules and multilateral trading system. China urges each party to keep their words, observe international law and fulfill their international obligations. As for those who refuse to keep their promises, China will adamantly protect its legitimate interests and reserve the right to take further measures. China will join hands with most of the member states to protect the solemnness of multilateral trading system.