*Tony stayed behind after school and helped John clean up the classroom.

　　放學(xué)后托尼留了下來(lái), 幫助約翰打掃教室。 *I think I’d better stay in watching TV instead of going out to do some shopping.

　　我想我最好待在家里看電視, 而不是出去購(gòu)物。 6. mix up混淆, 弄亂; 攪勻, 拌和 【填一填?激活思維】觀察句子, 寫(xiě)出黑體部分的含義。 ①M(fèi)iss Xu made an error and mixed up my results with

　　someone else’s! (

　　) ②Add the eggs to it and mix them up. (

　　) 混淆 攪勻, 拌和 【記一記?構(gòu)建知識(shí)】 mix up. . . with

　　將……和……弄混了 mix sth. with sth. 　 將某物與某物攪在一起 *I always mix him up with his brother. They look so much alike.

　　我總是將他與他的哥哥混淆。他們看起來(lái)很像。 *Mix the flour with the eggs and the butter.

　　將雞蛋和黃油與面粉攪在一起。 11. limit n. 限制; 極限; 界限 　

　　vt. 限制 【填一填?激活思維】 ①Our government has ___ __ strict _____ __ drunk driving.

　　我國(guó)政府嚴(yán)格限制酒后駕駛。 ②We must _____ the expenses __ what we can afford.

　　我們必須把開(kāi)銷(xiāo)限制在我們能支付的范圍內(nèi)。 set a limit to limit to 【記一記?構(gòu)建知識(shí)】 set a limit to

　　限制; 控制 within limits

　　在某種程度上, 有一定限制 limit. . . to. . . 把……限制在…… *(2011·浙江高考) It seemed there was no limit to the heights to which kites would fly today.

　　如今似乎對(duì)風(fēng)箏飛的高度沒(méi)有限制。 12. balance n. & v. 平衡; 抵消 【填一填?激活思維】 ①Try to _____ a better _______ between work and play.

　　力爭(zhēng)把工作和娛樂(lè)更好地平衡起來(lái)。 ②You should _______ _____ ____ by eating more fruit and

　　less protein.

　　你應(yīng)該多吃水果少攝入蛋白質(zhì), 使飲食均衡合理。 keep balance balance your diet 【記一記?構(gòu)建知識(shí)】 keep/lose one’s balance保持/失去平衡 a balance in sth. /between A and B 　某物之間/A和B的 平衡狀態(tài) the balance of ecology

　　生態(tài)平衡 balanced adj. 保持平衡的 *(2011·江蘇高考) It’s difficult enough to balance such a large turbine so high on a floating spar in the middle of the ocean.

　　在海洋中間漂浮的平臺(tái)上如此高地平衡這么大的一個(gè)渦輪發(fā)電機(jī)是足夠困難的。 【看一看?巧學(xué)助記】 掌握“平衡” 【核心短語(yǔ)】 13. be supposed to

　　應(yīng)該……, 應(yīng)當(dāng)…… 【填一填?激活思維】 ①You ___ ________ __ leave the room by 12 o’clock.

　　你應(yīng)該在12點(diǎn)之前離開(kāi)房間。 ②You ___ ___ ________ __ smoke on the train.

　　在火車(chē)上你不應(yīng)該抽煙。 are supposed to are not supposed to 【悟一悟?參透誤區(qū)】 was/were supposed to do sth.

　　is/are supposed to have done sth.

　　should have done sth.

　　ought to have done sth.

　　*The bus was supposed to arrive half an hour ago.

　　=The bus is supposed to have arrived half an hour ago.

　　公交車(chē)本來(lái)應(yīng)該在半小時(shí)之前到達(dá)。 本來(lái)應(yīng)該做某事 (但卻未做) 14. along with

　　與……一起 【填一填?激活思維】 ①Every adult has gone through adolescence, and your

　　friends are going through it right now _____ ____ you.

　　每個(gè)成年人都經(jīng)歷過(guò)青少年階段, 你的朋友們現(xiàn)在正與你 一起經(jīng)歷。 ②Britain along with many other European countries, ___ _____ _______ great changes over the last 100 years.

　　英國(guó)和很多其他歐洲國(guó)家一樣, 在過(guò)去的100年中經(jīng)歷了 巨大的變化。 along with has gone through 【記一記?構(gòu)建知識(shí)】 (1)along with/with/together with　 與……一起 get along with　與……相處 (2)在各類(lèi)考試中, 常考查“A + along with/with/together with/as well as +B”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。其實(shí)該結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與A保持一致, 與along with等介詞短語(yǔ)無(wú)關(guān)。 15. as if

　　好像, 似乎 【填一填?激活思維】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 ①She loves the boy as if he _____ (be) her own son.

　　她愛(ài)這個(gè)男孩就像他是自己的兒子一樣。 ②He talks about Rome as if he ________(be) there before.

　　他談起羅馬來(lái)好像他曾經(jīng)去過(guò)似的。 ③He opened his mouth as if he _________(say) something.

　　他張開(kāi)嘴好像要說(shuō)什么。 were had been would say 【記一記?構(gòu)建知識(shí)】 as if/as though引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句, 當(dāng)所述內(nèi)容與實(shí)際情況相反時(shí), 從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣, 即:

　　與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反——did/were 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反——had done 與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反——would/could/might +do 【悟一悟?參透誤區(qū)】 當(dāng)說(shuō)話者認(rèn)為所述的是真實(shí)的或極有可能發(fā)生或存在的事實(shí)時(shí)可以用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 *It sounds as if it is raining． 聽(tīng)起來(lái)像是在下雨。 【拓展延伸】類(lèi)似的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 在虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法中, 其他類(lèi)似as if/as though的用法有:

　　(1)would rather所接的從句中動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的愿望, 過(guò)去完成式表示過(guò)去的愿望。 (2)I wish, If only句型中動(dòng)詞常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)或could/would/should/might do分別表示現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)強(qiáng)烈的愿望。 *I would rather you came tomorrow instead of today.

　　我寧愿你明天來(lái)而不是今天來(lái)。 *How I wish you could go with us next time.

　　我多么希望下次你和我們一起去啊。 *If only I had seen my favorite star yesterday.

　　要是我昨天見(jiàn)到我最喜愛(ài)的明星就好了。 【經(jīng)典句式】 16. Daniel has his arms crossed and looks upset.

　　丹尼爾雙臂交叉, 看起來(lái)很生氣。 【填一填?激活思維】仿寫(xiě)句子。 ①He _____________________soon after the accident.

　　事故后不久他就找人把他的汽車(chē)修理了。 ②We must ____________________by Tuesday.

　　我們必須在星期二以前完成此項(xiàng)工作。 ③Many people _______________________in the earthquake.

　　許多人的房子在地震中遭到損壞。 has had his car repaired have the work finished had their houses damaged 【記一記?構(gòu)建知識(shí)】 (1)have作使役動(dòng)詞, 意思是“使……, 讓……”, 后面接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。“have sth. done”, 過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ), 賓語(yǔ)與過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 (2)have sth. done一般有三種含義:

　　①(主語(yǔ))請(qǐng)/派別人完成某事。 ②(主語(yǔ))完成某事(可能參與)。 ③(主語(yǔ))遭受某種不幸的情況。 【拓展延伸】 使役動(dòng)詞的其他用法:

　　(1)have sb. do sth. / make/let sb. do sth. / get sb. to do sth.

　　讓/叫/使某人做某事(強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果) (2)have/keep/leave sb. /sth. doing 讓某人/某物一直做某事(強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程) (3)won’t/can’t have sb. doing sth.

　　不容忍/不允許某人做某事 *My teacher had me post his letter after school.

　　我的老師讓我放學(xué)后給他寄封信。 *I won’t have you talking to mother like that.

　　我不允許你跟媽媽那樣說(shuō)話。 *It was cold. They kept the fire burning the whole night.

　　天冷了。他們讓爐火燒了一整夜。 【要點(diǎn)拾遺】 1. frightened adj. 受驚的; 害怕的 【填一填?激活思維】 ①The _________ _____ stood behind her mother.

　　受驚的孩子站在她母親的身后。 ②Now he is _________ __ ___ out at night.

　　現(xiàn)在他害怕晚上外出。 ③She was _________ __ _____ ___ alone in the house.

　　她害怕被單獨(dú)留在房子里。 frightened child frightened to go frightened of being left 【記一記?構(gòu)建知識(shí)】 (1)be frightened to do sth. 害怕做某事 be frightened about/of/by

　　對(duì)……感到害怕 be frightened +從句　害怕…… (2)frighten sb. into doing sth. 　用恐嚇手段迫使某人做某事 frighten sb. out of doing sth. 　 用恐嚇手段迫使某人不做某事 frighten sb. to death

　　把某人嚇得要死 *But I wasn’t frightened—I was really just looking forward to the experience.

　　但是我不害怕——我過(guò)去真的一直在盼望這種經(jīng)歷。 *He frightened the boy into keeping quiet.

　　他用恐嚇手段迫使男孩保持安靜。 【看一看?巧學(xué)助記】 Helen felt rather frightened that Kate had done such a frightening thing.

　　海倫對(duì)凱特做了這么一件令人恐懼的事情感到相當(dāng)害怕。 2. annoyed adj. 憤怒的, 生氣的 【填一填?激活思維】 ①She will ___ ________ if you don’t agree.

　　如果你不同意, 她將會(huì)很生氣。 ②He ____ ________ ___ her rude behaviours.

　　他對(duì)她粗魯?shù)呐e止非常生氣。 be annoyed was annoyed by 【記一記?構(gòu)建知識(shí)】 be/get annoyed at/with sb.

　　對(duì)某人生氣(惱怒) be/get annoyed about/by sth. 　

　　對(duì)某事生氣(惱怒) annoy sb. 　

　　使某人生氣/憤怒 What is annoying is that. . . 令人惱火的是…… *The children wouldn’t stop talking, and I was beginning to get annoyed with them.

　　孩子們不愿停止講話, 我漸漸地對(duì)他們感到很憤怒。 *What annoyed me most was that he wasn’t listening to what I was saying.

　　最使我惱火的是他不聽(tīng)我說(shuō)的話。 *What is really annoying is that we made the same mistake as last time.

　　真正令人惱火的是我們犯了與上次同樣的錯(cuò)誤。 3. confused adj. 困惑的, 不解的 【填一填?激活思維】 ①They asked me so many questions that I ___ ________.

　　他們問(wèn)了我如此多的問(wèn)題, 結(jié)果我很困惑。 ②I’m still a little ________ _____ what happened.

　　我仍然對(duì)發(fā)生過(guò)的事有些不解。 got confused confused about 【記一記?構(gòu)建知識(shí)】 confuse sb. =make sb. confused使某人困惑 confusing questions　令人困惑的問(wèn)題 *What she said made all of us confused.

　　她說(shuō)的話使我們大家都很不解。 *If you don’t explain clearly, you will confuse the readers.

　　如果你不解釋清楚, 你將會(huì)使讀者困惑。 *Some of the questions he asked were very confusing.

　　他問(wèn)的一些問(wèn)題很令人不解。 4. tend vi. 往往, 趨向 　vt. 照看 【填一填?激活思維】 ①I(mǎi) ____ __ ___ to bed earlier during the winter.

　　我在冬天常睡得較早。 ②He _____ __________ extreme views.

　　他的觀點(diǎn)趨于偏激。 ③He carefully ______ _____ _______ all summer.

　　他整個(gè)夏天都在精心照料著這些花卉。 tend to go tends towards/to tended these flowers 【記一記?構(gòu)建知識(shí)】 tend to do sth. 　

　　易于, 往往會(huì)做某事 tend to/towards　

　　傾向于; 趨于 tend (to) sb. 　照料/護(hù)理某人 have a tendency to do sth. 　傾向于做某事 *Housing prices have a tendency to increase.

　　房?jī)r(jià)有上漲的趨勢(shì)。 5. stay up

　　不睡覺(jué), 熬夜 【填一填?激活思維】觀察句子, 寫(xiě)出黑體部分的含義。 ①I(mǎi) studied a lot yesterday and stayed up very late.

　　(

　　) ②We are surprised that some of those cheap houses stay up

　　in the earthquake.

　　(

　　) 不睡覺(jué), 熬夜 站立, 沒(méi)有倒塌 【記一記?構(gòu)建知識(shí)】 stay away/back　 離遠(yuǎn)點(diǎn) stay behind

　　留下來(lái); 留在后面 stay in　待在家里 stay out

　　外出; 不在家 *My memory was at fault. 我記錯(cuò)了。 *(2024·江蘇高考)To be honest, it was Su’s fault but Li was also to blame—they were not calm enough and both said some really mean things.

　　老實(shí)說(shuō), 這是蘇的過(guò)錯(cuò), 但李也應(yīng)受責(zé)備——他們不夠冷靜, 都說(shuō)了一些非常刻薄的話。 【猜一猜?熟詞生義】觀察句子, 寫(xiě)出黑體部分的含義。 ①There is a basic fault in the design of the engine. It can not be fixed. (

　　) ②Her performance was difficult to fault. (

　　) 缺陷 挑剔 3. upset adj. 不高興的, 失望的, 難過(guò)的, 煩惱的, 生氣的

　　vt. 使不高興, 使失望, 使煩惱, 使生氣; 打亂 【填一填?激活思維】 ①She ____ _____ that we didn’t tell her the truth.

　　她對(duì)我們沒(méi)有告訴她真相感到很不高興。 ②I’m sorry if I’ve _____ _____ _____ for this evening.

　　如果我打亂了您今晚的計(jì)劃我對(duì)此感到抱歉。 feels upset upset your plans 【記一記?構(gòu)建知識(shí)】 be upset about/over/by 對(duì)……感到不高興(煩惱) upset sb. 使某人不高興/失望/生氣 upset the plan攪亂計(jì)劃 *Do you know what made her so upset?

　　你知道什么使她如此不高興嗎?

　　*The news upset him. 這消息使他很煩。 【猜一猜?熟詞生義】觀察句子, 寫(xiě)出黑體部分的含義。 A large wave upset the boat. (

　　) 打翻, 弄翻 【看一看?巧學(xué)助記】

　　The little boy is doing his homework while two flies are always upsetting him, and he is upset about them, only to upset the glass full of water.

　　小男孩在做作業(yè), 有兩只蒼蠅老是嗡嗡地打擾他, 小男孩很煩惱, 結(jié)果失手打翻了裝滿水的杯子。 4. defend vt. 辯解, 辯白 【填一填?激活思維】 ①She ____ always _________her husband in front of their

　　daughter.

　　她總是在他們女兒面前為丈夫辯解。 ②Our duty is to ______ the country _______ the enemies.

　　我們的職責(zé)是保衛(wèi)國(guó)家不受敵人侵襲。 was defending defend against 【記一記?構(gòu)建知識(shí)】 (1)defend one’s country　保衛(wèi)祖國(guó) defend oneself　為某人自己辯護(hù); 自衛(wèi) defend. . . against. . . 保護(hù)……免受…… (2)defence/defense

　　n.防御; 防護(hù); 保衛(wèi) in defence/defense of保護(hù); 為……辯護(hù) *They fought to defend their country.

　　他們?yōu)楸Ｐl(wèi)祖國(guó)而戰(zhàn)斗。 *John wrote a letter to the court in defense of his friend.

　　為了為他的朋友辯護(hù), 約翰寫(xiě)了封信給法庭。 5. deserve vt. 值得; 應(yīng)得; 應(yīng)受 【填一填?激活思維】一句多譯。 我們都認(rèn)為這個(gè)問(wèn)題值得進(jìn)一步商討。 ①We all think the problem deserves a further _________.

　　②We all think the problem deserves _______ _________.

　　③We all think the problem deserves __ ___ _______ ________.

　　④We all think the problem __ ______ further discussing.

　　discussion further discussing to be further discussed is worth 【記一記?構(gòu)建知識(shí)】 deserve a reward　

　　受獎(jiǎng)勵(lì) deserve to do sth. 　

　　應(yīng)當(dāng)做某事 Sth. deserves to be done. =Sth. deserves doing.

　　　某事值得被做; 某事應(yīng)被做。 *(2024·廣東高考) No matter how ordinary a job is, it plays a part in society and therefore deserves our due respect.

　　一份工作無(wú)論多么普通, 它都在我們的社會(huì)中起著一份作用, 因此應(yīng)該受到應(yīng)有的尊重。 *Guangzhou Evergrande had many good players, so they certainly deserved to win the AFC Champions League title.

　　廣州恒大擁有許多優(yōu)秀的球員, 所以他們理所當(dāng)然地奪得亞冠聯(lián)賽冠軍。 【悟一悟?參透誤區(qū)】 Sth. deserves +名詞=Sth. deserves to be done = Sth. deserves doing, 此時(shí)句子主語(yǔ)sth. 與deserve后的動(dòng)詞是邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 即deserve后的動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。 *Your suggestion deserves consideration/considering/to be considered.

　　你的建議值得考慮。 【拓展延伸】后加doing表被動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞 want(需要), need, require后接doing也等于to be done, 此時(shí)do的邏輯賓語(yǔ)就是主語(yǔ)。 *The desk needs/wants/requires repairing/to be repaired.

　　課桌需要修理了。 6. handle vt. 處理; 應(yīng)付 【填一填?激活思維】 ①Leave it to me. I can ______ __.

　　把它留給我。我能處理。 ②Some customers are quite difficult __ ______.

　　有些顧客很難應(yīng)付。 handle it to handle 【記一記?構(gòu)建知識(shí)】 handle the problem　處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題 handle sth. with care 小心輕放某物 *(2024·江蘇高考)We must learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely.