名詞性從句根據(jù)其在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能，又可分為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。近三年高考對(duì)名詞性從句主要考查內(nèi)容：語(yǔ)序問(wèn)題、連接詞的選用。 1．主語(yǔ)從句 (1)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有：that(不充當(dāng)句子成分，僅起引導(dǎo)作用，通常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，一般不可省略)，whether，who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever，where，when，how，why。 Where we shall have the meeting makes no difference. 我們?cè)谀膬洪_會(huì)都無(wú)所謂。 (2)主語(yǔ)從句中it作形式上的主語(yǔ)，且已形成固定的用法和譯法。 ①It＋be＋形容詞(obvious，natural，surprising，wonderful，possible，likely，certain，probable，etc.)＋that從句 ②It＋be＋名詞詞組(no wonder，an honor，a good thing，a pity，no surprise，etc.)＋that從句 ③It＋be＋過(guò)去分詞(said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arranged，etc.)＋that從句 ④It＋seems，happens等不及物動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)＋that從句 ⑤It doesn't matter(makes no difference，etc.)＋連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句 It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 她在考試中會(huì)做得好，這是確定無(wú)疑的。 It's no surprise that our team has won the game. 我們隊(duì)會(huì)贏得比賽，沒(méi)什么驚訝的。 It is decided that the meeting will be put off till next Monday. 已決定將會(huì)議推遲到下周一。 (3)注意連接代詞whoever，whatever，whichever等引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的含義。 Whatever he likes will be given to him.(whatever＝anything that)他喜歡的所有東西都會(huì)給他。 Whoever did this job must be rewarded.(whoever＝any person who)無(wú)論誰(shuí)做了這項(xiàng)工作一定要得到酬謝。 2．賓語(yǔ)從句 (1)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有：that(在賓語(yǔ)從句中常可省略)；從屬連詞if/whether；連接代詞who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever；連接副詞where，when，how，why。 (2)think，believe，suppose，expect，imagine等動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成否定句時(shí)，否定詞要前移。 I don't suppose he cares，does he？我想他不在意，是嗎？ (3)insist，suggest，demand，order，propose后的賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形。 He suggested the meeting (should) be put off. 他建議會(huì)議應(yīng)延期。 (4)whether可構(gòu)成whether...or not結(jié)構(gòu)；介詞后賓語(yǔ)從句需用whether而不可用if; if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句不可與if(如果，假如)引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句相混淆。 I am not sure whether he will come here or not. 我不確定他是否會(huì)來(lái)這兒。 It depends on whether you can do the work well. 這取決于你能否把工作做好。 (5)賓語(yǔ)從句一律用陳述語(yǔ)序。 3．表語(yǔ)從句 (1)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有：that，whether，as，as if，who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whichever，where，when，how，why。 The problem is where we should stay. 問(wèn)題是我們應(yīng)該呆在哪里。 (2)where, why, how等引導(dǎo)的從句作This is或That is的表語(yǔ)，不含疑問(wèn)意義而表示具體地點(diǎn)、原因、方式等。 This is why we put off the sports meeting. 這就是我們推遲運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的原因。 (3)連詞because可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。 I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想這是因?yàn)槟阕龅锰嗔恕?(4)主語(yǔ)是reason時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句常用that，不用because。 The reason why he didn't come was that he was ill. 他沒(méi)來(lái)的原因是他病了。 (5)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可用whether而不用if。 The problem is whether the book will be published. 問(wèn)題是這本書是否會(huì)出版。 (6)主語(yǔ)是advice，suggestion，order等表建議、要求、命令等的名詞時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”的形式。 My advice is that we (should) start tomorrow. 我的建議是明天出發(fā)。 4．同位語(yǔ)從句 (1)一般由that，whether，what，how等連詞引導(dǎo)，常位于fact, news, idea, problem, promise等抽象名詞后面，說(shuō)明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。 【注意】　同位語(yǔ)從句中連詞一般不省略。 I have no idea whether the president will come tomorrow.我不知道總統(tǒng)明天是否會(huì)來(lái)。 My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered. 我怎樣才能和他取得聯(lián)系的問(wèn)題還沒(méi)有得到答復(fù)。 (2)同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。 The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他們贏得比賽的消息很快就傳遍了整個(gè)學(xué)校。(同位語(yǔ)從句) The news(that)you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 你昨天告訴我的消息真的很令人失望。(定語(yǔ)從句) 5．that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句通常不可省略的三種情況 (1)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，that置于句首時(shí)。 That he failed in the exam made his parents disappointed.他考試不及格，讓他父母很失望。 (2)當(dāng)一個(gè)句子有兩個(gè)或多個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)第二個(gè)和以后幾個(gè)從句的that不可省略。 I wished(that)we could go sightseeing in Hangzhou this summer and that we could buy some books on our way back in Shanghai.我希望今年夏天我們能去杭州旅游，并在返程時(shí)在上海買些書回來(lái)。 (3)由it作形式賓語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，that也不可省略。 He has made it clear that he wouldn't agree to the plan. 他已清楚地表明不同意這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。 6．what與that的區(qū)別 what在從句中充當(dāng)一定成分并且具有特定含義“……的人、地方、東西等”；that只起引導(dǎo)作用，在主語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分并且也沒(méi)有實(shí)際含義。 What he said was true.他說(shuō)的是真的。 That he came late made the teacher angry. 他的遲到使老師很生氣。 【注意】　上面兩句中what與that絕對(duì)不能換用。 7．whether與if的用法比較 二者均可作“是否”講，都可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可以互換；用it作形式主語(yǔ)時(shí)，whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。 I don't know whether/if he'll attend the meeting. 我不知道他是否會(huì)出席會(huì)議。 It is not decided whether/if I'll go abroad. 我是否將出國(guó)還沒(méi)決定。 在下列情況下，常用whether，不用if。 (1)whether引導(dǎo)從句放于句首時(shí)。 Whether he comes or not makes no difference. 他來(lái)不來(lái)都一樣。 (2)whether可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句，if不可。 The question whether he should join the team has not been decided.他是否入隊(duì)的問(wèn)題還沒(méi)決定。 The question is whether it is worth trying. 問(wèn)題是這是否值得一試。 (3)whether引導(dǎo)的從句可以作介詞賓語(yǔ)，if則不可。 I haven't settled the question of whether I'll lend him the money.關(guān)于是否借給他錢的問(wèn)題，我還沒(méi)最后決定。 (4)whether后可以加不定式，if不可。 He didn't know whether to get married or to wait. 他不知道是該結(jié)婚還是該等待。 (5)可以用whether...or引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“無(wú)論，不論”，if則不可。 Whether it rains or snows，I don't care. 無(wú)論下雨還是下雪，我都不在乎。