③He soon ________ a reputation for himself.

　　他很快就成名了。 ③won ④We shall ________ experience through much practice.

　　我們要通過大量的實踐來獲得經驗。 ④gain ⑤It was the last question on the paper that _________________________________________me.

　　卷子上的最后一個問題使我受到挫折。 ⑤defeated 1、be made up of 由……組成；由……構成 ◆Animal bodies are made up of cells.

　　動物的身體是由細胞組成的。 ◆Society is made up of people of widely differing abilities.

　　社會是由能力迥異的人組成的。 be made of 由……制成……(制成品能看出原材料是什么) be made from由……制成……(制成品不能看出原材料是什么) be made in 在……生產(制造)的 be made into 把……制成……(材料制成產品) ? ①The government has sent a medical team ______________________________　(由10名醫生和6名護士組成) to the village. ①made up of 10 doctors and 6 nurses ②Our association (協會) 　 (由……組成) people from every field of life. ②is made up of 2、 take control of 掌管

　　◆It's no easy task to take control of a class of children.

　　管住一個班的小孩子可不是件容易的事。 ◆The British government at that time took control of the island.

　　當時的英國政府控制該島。 As Mary was in poor health, I was asked to ______ the business.

　　A. in control of B. under the control of C. take control of D. have a control of

　　C　take control of 掌管。 3、辨析at one time, at a time (1)at one time 一次，同時；一度，曾經 ◆At one time they met frequently.

　　他們一度經常見面。 (2)at a time 每次，一次 ◆Order! One at a time, please.

　　守秩序！請一個一個來。 ◆Take two pills at a time.

　　一次服兩顆(藥)。

　　at times 有時，間或 　at the time of…在……時候 　at all times 始終，經常 　at any time 在任何時候 　at the same time 同時，而 　at no time 在任何時候都不 　in no time 立刻，馬上 　for the time being 暫時 　for some time 一段時間 　by the time…到……的時候 　from time to time 有時 　in time 及時；遲早 　on time 準時 Experts have been warning ______ of the health risks caused by passive smoking.

　　A. at a time

　　B. at one time

　　C. for some time

　　D. for the time being C　句意：專家們提醒注意被動吸煙給健康帶來的危害已有一段時間了。考查介詞搭配。A每次、逐一、依次；B一度，曾經；C一段時間；D暫時，眼下。 4、 consist of

　　由……組成，不能用于被動語態(＝be made up of)

　　The committee ______ nine members set out for the disaster area immediately.

　　A. consisted of

　　B. consisting of

　　C. made of

　　D. made up for　 B　consisting of 由……組成。在句中作定語。 Today, the spread of ‘borrowed words’ is mostly due to easily accessed Internet and television programmes from across the world. 今天，世界各地大多都可以方便地上網和收看電視節目，使得外來詞廣為傳播。 (1)easily accessed 是定語，修飾后面的television and radio programmes。 ◆The easily accessed computer system is unsafe from hackers. 這個易進入的電腦系統，很不安全，會遭到黑客的攻擊。 (2)due to 由于，因為 ◆Due to his illness, Mike didn't come to school today. 由于生病，邁克今天沒來上學。 1. A　用不定式表示目的，引起人們對食品安全的關注。 1．More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced ________ people's concern over food safety.(2011·重慶)

　　A. to raise

　　B. raising

　　C. to have raised

　　D. having raised 2. A　One reason…is that… 固定句型。 2. One reason for her preference for city life is ________ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.(2010·上海)

　　A. that

　　B. how

　　C. what

　　D. why 3. C　hopefully 充滿希望地； normally 正常地； thankfully 謝天謝地；非常感謝地； conveniently 方便地。 3. ________， I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.(2011·安徽)

　　A. Hopefully

　　B. Normally

　　C. Thankfully

　　D. Conveniently 4. A　句意“如果你偶然發現瑕疵而又還想要這輛自行車，你可以讓店員降低價格。” care about 關心，在乎； look for 尋找； focus upon 集中(注意力)，都與題意不符，只有come across意為“偶然發現，偶遇”符合句意，故正確答案為A。 4. If you ________ faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.(2011·安徽)

　　A. come across

　　B. care about

　　C. look for

　　D. focus upon

　　如何寫好it句型 動詞不定式(短語)、動名詞(短語)或從句在句子中作主語、賓語時，轉換用it作形式主語、賓語可以使句子的表達更地道，增加了語言的美感。此外，it還可以用于強調句型。 掌握下面的有關it的一些常用句型有助于寫作水平的提高。 【句型1】It ＋ be(其他動詞) ＋ adj. / n. ＋ 不定式(v.-ing分詞，從句) It is difficult for us to work out the problem.

　　對我們來說，解出這道題是很難的。

　　例：To write the article will take him a long time. It will take a long time to write the article. 【句型2】It takes sb. some time to do sth. 【句型3】It is said (suggested / reported… etc.) ＋ that從句 It is suggested that we should put off the meeting.

　　(有人) 建議會議延期召開。

　　【句型4】It seems ＋ that-從句 / as if-從句 【句型5】主語 ＋ 謂語 ＋ it ＋ 賓補 ＋ 不定式/ v．-ing分詞/ 從句 I found it important to learn spoken English. 我發現學習英語口語非常重要。 【句型6】It ＋ be ＋ 被強調部分 ＋ that-從句

　　翻譯下列句子 1. 我很榮幸在這里談談全球水資源短缺的問題。

　　________________________________________________________________________ 1. It's my great honor to be here to say something about the global water shortage.

　　2. 是我們該為它做點什么事情的時候了。

　　________________________________________________________________________ 2. It's high time that we did something about it.

　　3. 對我來說，學好英語最重要。

　　________________________________________________________________________ 3. It's very important for me to learn English well. 4. 在中國，中學生得每天晚上花4小時完成作業。 ________________________________________________________________________ 4. In China, it takes 4 hours for middle schools' students to finish their homework. 5. 會議將在大廳里舉行。 ________________________________________________________________________ 5. It is in the hall that the meeting will be held. * Module3·Unit 2

　　Language（1） 1、 ban vt. 禁止，取締 ◆Bicycles are banned from the newly-built motorway.

　　自行車禁止上新建的機動車道。 forbid, ban二者都含有“禁止” 的意思。 forbid 是常用詞，指 “命令某人不做……”。 ban語氣較重，指權威機關“正式禁止”，含“嚴厲譴責”之意，只能用事物作其賓語。 ◆The doctor forbids him to smoke.

　　醫生禁止他吸煙。 ◆Ban atomic and nuclear weapons!

　　禁止原子武器和核武器。 2、 access

　　n. 通路，接近/使用進入某地的方法/權利/可能性，接近某人的方法/權利/可能性 ◆He is a man of easy access. 他是一個很好接近的人。 ◆Citizens may have free access to the library. 市民可以免費使用這個圖書館。 ◆We have access to the Internet in the classroom. 我們在教室里可以上互聯網。 ◆The only access to the man is through his secretary. 唯一能接近此人的方法是通過其秘書。 2、 access

　　v. 接近，使用 ◆I can't access the file on your company because I've forgotten the code. 我無法使用貴公司的文件， 因為我把代碼忘了。 accessible adj. 可接近的；可使用的；隨和的 be accessible to sb. 能為某人接近或使用的 have / gain / obtain access to sb. / sth. 得以接近/會見某人/某物；得以進入/使用某物 available

　　adj. 能夠被獲得的/使用的/到達的/(人)有空閑的

　　◆Medicine should not be kept where it is accessible to children. 　藥品不應放在兒童容易拿到的地方。 ?I'm afraid these shoes are not ______ in your size.

　　A. applicable

　　B. available

　　C. accessible

　　D. adaptable B　available 可得到的。 3、raise vt. (1) 舉起 ◆She raised her finger to her lips as a sign for silence. 她舉起一根手指放在唇邊，示意安靜。 (2) 提高(音量、價格、程度等) ◆The landlord raised my rent. 房東提高了我的租金。 (3)種植(農作物等)、飼養(家禽等)、撫養(子女) ◆The farmer raises chickens and corn. 農夫養雞和種植玉米。 3、raise vt. (4)籌集(資金) ◆We hope to raise a lot of money for the people suffering in the earthquake. 我們想為這次地震受災者籌一大筆錢。 (5)喚起、引起 ◆His funny stories raised a few laughs. 他有趣的故事引來一陣笑聲。 (6) 提出(問題等) ◆I wonder if I could raise this problem with you now. 不知我現在能否向您提及這問題。 　raise sb. to one's feet 把某人扶起來 　raise one's voice 提高聲音 　raise a family 養家糊口 Steam can be seen ______ from wet clothes.

　　A. rose

　　B. raise

　　C. to raise

　　D. to rise D　see…rise 看到……升起來。rise意為“升起來”，不及物動詞，raise 是及物動詞必須接賓語。 4、indicate vt. 表明，指示，表示，顯示，示意 ◆What do they indicate?

　　他們表示什么意思？ ◆The symptoms indicate immediate surgery.

　　癥狀表明急需外科手術。 ◆When quoting old sayings, please indicate the specific reference(s)．

　　引用名言時必須加列參考書目。

　　There is a great deal of evidence ______ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.

　　A. indicate

　　B. indicating

　　C. to indicate

　　D. to be indicating B　句意“有大量證據表明音樂活動調動大腦不同的部位。”考查非謂語動詞作定語。B項作定語表主動，相當于which indicates。 5、contribute vt. & vi. 捐獻，捐贈；貢獻出；投稿(＋to) contribute sth. to sth. 將某物捐獻/貢獻給……；向……供稿 contribute to sth.也是……的原因，促成/助長…… ◆The writer personally contributed 5,000 dollars to the earthquake fund.

　　那位作家個人給地震基金會捐贈了5000美元。 ◆His carelessness contributed to the accident.

　　他的粗心大意是造成事故的原因。 ◆He contributes regularly to English Weekly.

　　他定期給《英語周報》投稿。 ◆I'm sure regular exercise will contribute to curing your disease.

　　我相信有規律地鍛煉將有助于治療你的病。 ◆Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness.

　　誠實加苦干有助于成功和幸福。 　contribute vt. 捐助， 投稿 　contributing adj. 貢獻的 　contribution n. 貢獻， 捐款(贈)

　　make contributions to 為……作貢獻

　　①中國對世界的經濟作出了很大的貢獻。 _____________________________________________ ①China has made great contributions to the economy development of the world.

　　②當然，來自不同國家的人們對美式英語的發展作出了杰出的貢獻。 ______________________________________________ ②Of course, people from many different countries made their contributions to the development of American English.

　　③All union members should ____________________________________________ the Welfare Fund. 所有工會會員都應向福利基金會捐款。 ③contribute to 6、combine

　　vt. 使聯合，結合 ◆Some movies combine education with recreation.

　　有些電影寓教于樂。 　combination n. 聯合；結合 　be combined with 與……結合 　connect…with… 和……有聯系 　connect to 連接；接通 　combine theory with practice 理論與實踐相結合 ①We think it necessary that theory 　

　　practice.

　　我們認為理論與實際相結合是必要的。 ①(should) be combined with ②Study can ____________________ pleasure.

　　可以做到學習和娛樂兩不誤。 ②be combined with ③He __________________________ that company

　　no longer.

　　他不再和那家公司有聯系了。 ③was connected with 7、辨析beat, defeat, win, gain (1) beat著重“連續地擊打”，如毆打、體罰、海浪拍岸、心跳。另外可指“擊敗”，此時其賓語必須是人或一個集體，是游戲比賽的專門用詞。 (2) defeat 意為“打敗，擊敗”，與beat同義，其賓語也必須是人或一個集體。尤指在戰場上打敗敵人。 suffer a defeat 戰敗； 遭受挫敗 conquer指“征服、戰勝”，特別指“獲得對人、物或感情的控制”。 conquer nature 征服自然 overcome 戰勝、壓倒、克服(尤指“感情”而言) overcome difficulties 克服困難 (3) win 表示在較強的競爭中取勝，其賓語常是game, war, prize, fame, battle等。其反義詞為lose。 (4)gain表示獲得需要的東西，它常跟的賓語有one's living, experience, strength, time, knowledge, attention, respect, admiration等。 ◆His father beat the naughty boy.

　　他的父親打了這個調皮的男孩。 ◆The hopes were defeated.

　　希望落空了。 ◆Their team has won the game.

　　他們隊贏了這場比賽。 ①He's alive — his heart is still ________.

　　他還活著——心臟還在跳。 ①beating ②Our men were heavily ________ in the battle.

　　我軍在此次戰役中受到重創。 ②defeated *

　　③He soon ________ a reputation for himself.

　　他很快就成名了。 ③won ④We shall ________ experience through much practice.

　　我們要通過大量的實踐來獲得經驗。 ④gain ⑤It was the last question on the paper that _________________________________________me.

　　卷子上的最后一個問題使我受到挫折。 ⑤defeated 1、be made up of 由……組成；由……構成 ◆Animal bodies are made up of cells.

　　動物的身體是由細胞組成的。 ◆Society is made up of people of widely differing abilities.

　　社會是由能力迥異的人組成的。 be made of 由……制成……(制成品能看出原材料是什么) be made from由……制成……(制成品不能看出原材料是什么) be made in 在……生產(制造)的 be made into 把……制成……(材料制成產品) ? ①The government has sent a medical team ______________________________　(由10名醫生和6名護士組成) to the village. ①made up of 10 doctors and 6 nurses ②Our association (協會) 　 (由……組成) people from every field of life. ②is made up of 2、 take control of 掌管

　　◆It's no easy task to take control of a class of children.

　　管住一個班的小孩子可不是件容易的事。 ◆The British government at that time took control of the island.

　　當時的英國政府控制該島。 As Mary was in poor health, I was asked to ______ the business.

　　A. in control of B. under the control of C. take control of D. have a control of

　　C　take control of 掌管。 3、辨析at one time, at a time (1)at one time 一次，同時；一度，曾經 ◆At one time they met frequently.

　　他們一度經常見面。 (2)at a time 每次，一次 ◆Order! One at a time, please.

　　守秩序！請一個一個來。 ◆Take two pills at a time.

　　一次服兩顆(藥)。

　　at times 有時，間或 　at the time of…在……時候 　at all times 始終，經常 　at any time 在任何時候 　at the same time 同時，而 　at no time 在任何時候都不 　in no time 立刻，馬上 　for the time being 暫時 　for some time 一段時間 　by the time…到……的時候 　from time to time 有時 　in time 及時；遲早 　on time 準時 Experts have been warning ______ of the health risks caused by passive smoking.

　　A. at a time

　　B. at one time

　　C. for some time

　　D. for the time being C　句意：專家們提醒注意被動吸煙給健康帶來的危害已有一段時間了。考查介詞搭配。A每次、逐一、依次；B一度，曾經；C一段時間；D暫時，眼下。 4、 consist of

　　由……組成，不能用于被動語態(＝be made up of)

　　The committee ______ nine members set out for the disaster area immediately.

　　A. consisted of

　　B. consisting of

　　C. made of

　　D. made up for　 B　consisting of 由……組成。在句中作定語。 Today, the spread of ‘borrowed words’ is mostly due to easily accessed Internet and television programmes from across the world. 今天，世界各地大多都可以方便地上網和收看電視節目，使得外來詞廣為傳播。 (1)easily accessed 是定語，修飾后面的television and radio programmes。 ◆The easily accessed computer system is unsafe from hackers. 這個易進入的電腦系統，很不安全，會遭到黑客的攻擊。 (2)due to 由于，因為 ◆Due to his illness, Mike didn't come to school today. 由于生病，邁克今天沒來上學。 1. A　用不定式表示目的，引起人們對食品安全的關注。 1．More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced ________ people's concern over food safety.(2011·重慶)

　　A. to raise

　　B. raising

　　C. to have raised

　　D. having raised 2. A　One reason…is that… 固定句型。 2. One reason for her preference for city life is ________ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.(2010·上海)

　　A. that

　　B. how

　　C. what

　　D. why 3. C　hopefully 充滿希望地； normally 正常地； thankfully 謝天謝地；非常感謝地； conveniently 方便地。 3. ________， I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.(2011·安徽)

　　A. Hopefully

　　B. Normally

　　C. Thankfully

　　D. Conveniently 4. A　句意“如果你偶然發現瑕疵而又還想要這輛自行車，你可以讓店員降低價格。” care about 關心，在乎； look for 尋找； focus upon 集中(注意力)，都與題意不符，只有come across意為“偶然發現，偶遇”符合句意，故正確答案為A。 4. If you ________ faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.(2011·安徽)

　　A. come across

　　B. care about

　　C. look for

　　D. focus upon

　　如何寫好it句型 動詞不定式(短語)、動名詞(短語)或從句在句子中作主語、賓語時，轉換用it作形式主語、賓語可以使句子的表達更地道，增加了語言的美感。此外，it還可以用于強調句型。 掌握下面的有關it的一些常用句型有助于寫作水平的提高。 【句型1】It ＋ be(其他動詞) ＋ adj. / n. ＋ 不定式(v.-ing分詞，從句) It is difficult for us to work out the problem.

　　對我們來說，解出這道題是很難的。

　　例：To write the article will take him a long time. It will take a long time to write the article. 【句型2】It takes sb. some time to do sth. 【句型3】It is said (suggested / reported… etc.) ＋ that從句 It is suggested that we should put off the meeting.

　　(有人) 建議會議延期召開。

　　【句型4】It seems ＋ that-從句 / as if-從句 【句型5】主語 ＋ 謂語 ＋ it ＋ 賓補 ＋ 不定式/ v．-ing分詞/ 從句 I found it important to learn spoken English. 我發現學習英語口語非常重要。 【句型6】It ＋ be ＋ 被強調部分 ＋ that-從句

　　翻譯下列句子 1. 我很榮幸在這里談談全球水資源短缺的問題。

　　________________________________________________________________________ 1. It's my great honor to be here to say something about the global water shortage.

　　2. 是我們該為它做點什么事情的時候了。

　　________________________________________________________________________ 2. It's high time that we did something about it.

　　3. 對我來說，學好英語最重要。

　　________________________________________________________________________ 3. It's very important for me to learn English well. 4. 在中國，中學生得每天晚上花4小時完成作業。 ________________________________________________________________________ 4. In China, it takes 4 hours for middle schools' students to finish their homework. 5. 會議將在大廳里舉行。 ________________________________________________________________________ 5. It is in the hall that the meeting will be held. * Module3·Unit 2

　　Language（1） 1、 ban vt. 禁止，取締 ◆Bicycles are banned from the newly-built motorway.

　　自行車禁止上新建的機動車道。 forbid, ban二者都含有“禁止” 的意思。 forbid 是常用詞，指 “命令某人不做……”。 ban語氣較重，指權威機關“正式禁止”，含“嚴厲譴責”之意，只能用事物作其賓語。 ◆The doctor forbids him to smoke.

　　醫生禁止他吸煙。 ◆Ban atomic and nuclear weapons!

　　禁止原子武器和核武器。 2、 access

　　n. 通路，接近/使用進入某地的方法/權利/可能性，接近某人的方法/權利/可能性 ◆He is a man of easy access. 他是一個很好接近的人。 ◆Citizens may have free access to the library. 市民可以免費使用這個圖書館。 ◆We have access to the Internet in the classroom. 我們在教室里可以上互聯網。 ◆The only access to the man is through his secretary. 唯一能接近此人的方法是通過其秘書。 2、 access

　　v. 接近，使用 ◆I can't access the file on your company because I've forgotten the code. 我無法使用貴公司的文件， 因為我把代碼忘了。 accessible adj. 可接近的；可使用的；隨和的 be accessible to sb. 能為某人接近或使用的 have / gain / obtain access to sb. / sth. 得以接近/會見某人/某物；得以進入/使用某物 available

　　adj. 能夠被獲得的/使用的/到達的/(人)有空閑的

　　◆Medicine should not be kept where it is accessible to children. 　藥品不應放在兒童容易拿到的地方。 ?I'm afraid these shoes are not ______ in your size.

　　A. applicable

　　B. available

　　C. accessible

　　D. adaptable B　available 可得到的。 3、raise vt. (1) 舉起 ◆She raised her finger to her lips as a sign for silence. 她舉起一根手指放在唇邊，示意安靜。 (2) 提高(音量、價格、程度等) ◆The landlord raised my rent. 房東提高了我的租金。 (3)種植(農作物等)、飼養(家禽等)、撫養(子女) ◆The farmer raises chickens and corn. 農夫養雞和種植玉米。 3、raise vt. (4)籌集(資金) ◆We hope to raise a lot of money for the people suffering in the earthquake. 我們想為這次地震受災者籌一大筆錢。 (5)喚起、引起 ◆His funny stories raised a few laughs. 他有趣的故事引來一陣笑聲。 (6) 提出(問題等) ◆I wonder if I could raise this problem with you now. 不知我現在能否向您提及這問題。 　raise sb. to one's feet 把某人扶起來 　raise one's voice 提高聲音 　raise a family 養家糊口 Steam can be seen ______ from wet clothes.

　　A. rose

　　B. raise

　　C. to raise

　　D. to rise D　see…rise 看到……升起來。rise意為“升起來”，不及物動詞，raise 是及物動詞必須接賓語。 4、indicate vt. 表明，指示，表示，顯示，示意 ◆What do they indicate?

　　他們表示什么意思？ ◆The symptoms indicate immediate surgery.

　　癥狀表明急需外科手術。 ◆When quoting old sayings, please indicate the specific reference(s)．

　　引用名言時必須加列參考書目。

　　There is a great deal of evidence ______ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.

　　A. indicate

　　B. indicating

　　C. to indicate

　　D. to be indicating B　句意“有大量證據表明音樂活動調動大腦不同的部位。”考查非謂語動詞作定語。B項作定語表主動，相當于which indicates。 5、contribute vt. & vi. 捐獻，捐贈；貢獻出；投稿(＋to) contribute sth. to sth. 將某物捐獻/貢獻給……；向……供稿 contribute to sth.也是……的原因，促成/助長…… ◆The writer personally contributed 5,000 dollars to the earthquake fund.

　　那位作家個人給地震基金會捐贈了5000美元。 ◆His carelessness contributed to the accident.

　　他的粗心大意是造成事故的原因。 ◆He contributes regularly to English Weekly.

　　他定期給《英語周報》投稿。 ◆I'm sure regular exercise will contribute to curing your disease.

　　我相信有規律地鍛煉將有助于治療你的病。 ◆Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness.

　　誠實加苦干有助于成功和幸福。 　contribute vt. 捐助， 投稿 　contributing adj. 貢獻的 　contribution n. 貢獻， 捐款(贈)

　　make contributions to 為……作貢獻

　　①中國對世界的經濟作出了很大的貢獻。 _____________________________________________ ①China has made great contributions to the economy development of the world.

　　②當然，來自不同國家的人們對美式英語的發展作出了杰出的貢獻。 ______________________________________________ ②Of course, people from many different countries made their contributions to the development of American English.

　　③All union members should ____________________________________________ the Welfare Fund. 所有工會會員都應向福利基金會捐款。 ③contribute to 6、combine

　　vt. 使聯合，結合 ◆Some movies combine education with recreation.

　　有些電影寓教于樂。 　combination n. 聯合；結合 　be combined with 與……結合 　connect…with… 和……有聯系 　connect to 連接；接通 　combine theory with practice 理論與實踐相結合 ①We think it necessary that theory 　

　　practice.

　　我們認為理論與實際相結合是必要的。 ①(should) be combined with ②Study can ____________________ pleasure.

　　可以做到學習和娛樂兩不誤。 ②be combined with ③He __________________________ that company

　　no longer.

　　他不再和那家公司有聯系了。 ③was connected with 7、辨析beat, defeat, win, gain (1) beat著重“連續地擊打”，如毆打、體罰、海浪拍岸、心跳。另外可指“擊敗”，此時其賓語必須是人或一個集體，是游戲比賽的專門用詞。 (2) defeat 意為“打敗，擊敗”，與beat同義，其賓語也必須是人或一個集體。尤指在戰場上打敗敵人。 suffer a defeat 戰敗； 遭受挫敗 conquer指“征服、戰勝”，特別指“獲得對人、物或感情的控制”。 conquer nature 征服自然 overcome 戰勝、壓倒、克服(尤指“感情”而言) overcome difficulties 克服困難 (3) win 表示在較強的競爭中取勝，其賓語常是game, war, prize, fame, battle等。其反義詞為lose。 (4)gain表示獲得需要的東西，它常跟的賓語有one's living, experience, strength, time, knowledge, attention, respect, admiration等。 ◆His father beat the naughty boy.

　　他的父親打了這個調皮的男孩。 ◆The hopes were defeated.

　　希望落空了。 ◆Their team has won the game.

　　他們隊贏了這場比賽。 ①He's alive — his heart is still ________.

　　他還活著——心臟還在跳。 ①beating ②Our men were heavily ________ in the battle.

　　我軍在此次戰役中受到重創。 ②defeated *