【2024高考調研】（新課標·名校調研）北師大版·英語（高三總復習）Unit 12 Culture Shock（課時作業）

　　Ⅰ. 單項填空

　　1. The judge demanded that the prisoner ________ before him immediately.

　　A. be brought

　　B. must bring

　　C. should have brought

　　D. brought

　　答案

　　A

　　解析

　　demand后接that賓語從句,謂語動詞應用“should+動詞原形”, should可省略。

　　2. How can you ________ and see him accused of something he didn’t do?

　　A. stand out

　　B. stand up

　　C. stand for

　　D. stand by

　　答案

　　D

　　解析

　　考查動詞短語辨析。句意：你怎么能眼睜睜地看著他遭人誣陷而袖手旁觀呢? stand out“顯眼;突出”; stand up“站立”; stand for“代表”; stand by“袖手旁觀”。

　　3. As their memories decline, some old people tend to be talkative because they ________ forget what has just been said.

　　A. anxiously

　　B. particularly

　　C. easily

　　D. hardly

　　答案

　　C

　　解析

　　考查副詞辨析。句意：隨著記憶力的衰退,有些老年人喜歡嘮叨,因為他們容易忘記剛剛所說過的話。

　　4. Catherine ________ at school wearing a T-shirt with some slogans.

　　A. broke up

　　B. turned up

　　C. came up

　　D. ended up

　　答案

　　B

　　解析

　　考查動詞詞組辨析。break up意為“解散;結束”; turn up意為“來到;露面”; come up意為“(植物)長出地面;發生”; end up意為“最終成為;最終處于”。B項符合語意。

　　5. The technical cooperation and cultural ________ between the two countries are daily on the increase.

　　A. expenses

　　B. exchanges

　　C. revenges

　　D. extension

　　答案

　　B

　　解析

　　考查名詞辨析。句意：兩國之間的技術合作和文化交流正在與日俱增。cultural exchange“文化交流”。expense“花費”; revenge“報仇”; extension“延伸”。

　　6. The man has made ________ a rule never to regret and never to complain.

　　A. it

　　B. that

　　C. himself

　　D. this

　　答案

　　A

　　解析

　　考查代詞的用法。it是形式賓語,后面的不定式never to regret and never to complain作真正的賓語。

　　7. — What do you think of this dress, darling?

　　— Er ... sorry, dear. I ________. What did you say?

　　A. didn’t listen

　　B. hadn’t listened

　　C. haven’t listened

　　D. wasn’t listening

　　答案

　　D

　　解析

　　考查動詞的時態。根據答語中的What did you say可知,答話者沒有聽清楚對方的問話,該用過去進行時,表示對方剛才說話的那一刻自己沒有聽。

　　8. Can you imagine what difficulty people had this year ________ against the severe natural disasters?

　　A. fighting

　　B. to fight

　　C. fought

　　D. fight

　　答案

　　A

　　解析

　　考查固定搭配。“sb. have some difficulty in doing sth.”是固定句式,意思是“某人做某事有困難”,其中的介詞in可以省略。故A項正確。

　　9. (2024·江南十校測試)________ around the Water Cube and the Bird’s Nest, the tourists from Taiwan and I wished there ________ a joint team for the London Olymplcs.

　　A. Having shown; to be

　　B. To be shown; is

　　C. To show; were

　　D. Having been shown; to be

　　答案

　　D

　　解析

　　考查非謂語動詞。從句意可以看出the tourists from Taiwan and I與show之間構成被動關系,同時動作發生在謂語動詞wish之前,所以第一空用having been shown,而第二空是there be結構的變體形式。

　　10. — I’m considering returning home. I just can’t get used to the food here.

　　— Take it easy. ________

　　A. Storms make trees take deeper roots.

　　B. East or west, home is best.

　　C. From small beginning come great things.

　　D. All things are difficult before they are easy.

　　答案

　　D

　　解析

　　考查諺語。A項的意思是“暴風雨使樹根扎得更深。”B項的意思是“金窩銀窩不如家里的草窩。”C項的意思是“偉大始于渺小。”D項的意思是“萬事開頭難。”。顯然只有D項符合語境。

　　11. (2024·海淀模擬)The scientist was rewarded by the government for ________ such a great contribution to the country.

　　A. make

　　B. making

　　C. being made

　　D. having made

　　答案

　　D

　　解析

　　句意：那個科學家因為對國家做出了巨大的貢獻而被政府授獎。having made是現在分詞的完成式,表示該動作先于主句的謂語動詞was rewarded。

　　12. ________ suddenly occurred to him that his parents should have arrived in Beijing by this time.

　　A. What

　　B. It

　　C. That

　　D. As

　　答案

　　B

　　解析

　　考查固定句型。句意：他突然想起來,他的父母現在應該到北京了。此句中的it作形式主語,后面的從句為真正的主語。It occurred to sb. that .... “某人(突然)想起／想到……”。

　　13. ________ published fifty years ago, his work still attracts much attention at present.

　　A. In spite

　　B. Though

　　C. Apart from

　　D. Despite

　　答案

　　B

　　解析

　　考查狀語從句。句意：盡管他的作品是在50年前出版的,但現在依然受到廣泛關注。此處為省略的狀語從句,其主語是his work,還原完整為：Though his work was published fifty years ago, his work still attracts much attention at present．C、D兩項為介詞,后面應跟名詞或者名詞短語,A項常用于in spite of短語。

　　14. (2024·衡水模擬)I’m afraid we’ll have to work extra hours for there are still some problems ________.

　　A. remaining to settle

　　B. remaining to be settled

　　C. remained to be settled

　　D. to remain to settle

　　答案

　　B

　　解析

　　句意：恐怕我們得加班,因為還有一些問題有待解決。首先, remain為系動詞,所以只能用現在分詞形式作定語;remain to be done表將來、被動含義,意為“有待于被……”,故B項正確。

　　15. ________ himself by a table, the gentleman asked the wai

　　ter for a cup of coffee politely.

　　A. Seated

　　B. Seating

　　C. To seat

　　D. Seat

　　答案

　　B

　　解析

　　考查非謂語動詞。句意：這位紳士在桌旁坐好后,禮貌地向服務生要了一杯咖啡。seat為及物動詞,表示“使(自己)就座”,其邏輯主語為the gentleman,所以用現在分詞形式。

　　Ⅱ.閱讀理解

　　On January 24, 1848, a man named James Wilson Marshall discovered gold in the area of California. The news spread quickly. Thousands rushed west. They traveled on foot, by horseback and by boat to reach the gold fields. By 1849, the great gold rush was on.

　　Towns and cities grew overnight. Throughout the area — in the mountains, along the streams and rivers — thousands of people searched for gold. They had food to eat and blankets to cover them. They also had mules to ride, and picks and pans to search for gold. But panning for gold does not always pan out.

　　The only way to find gold was by panning. First a gold miner put dirt in a metal pan and added water. Then he shook the pan so that the water would wash the dirt. Slowly, he poured the water out of the pan. If he was a lucky miner, pieces of gold would remain.

　　For many, gold mining did not pan out. For a few, it panned out well. But in time, huge machines were built that could wash many tons of dirt at a time. Panning died out.

　　The word, however, remained in the language. Today, Americans still say, “It panned out well,” when something they have done pleases them. A business, a discovery, a simple event pans out well if it is successful. Unhappily, sometimes things do not pan out.

　　In recent years, the word pan has taken on another meaning. Today, it also means criticizing. How it got this meaning is hard to discover. But the job of a critic is to sometimes pan the work of a writer, artist or singer.

　　Sometimes, critics may pan a movie or play so seriously that no one will go to see it. There are times, however, when a play became highly successful, even though most of the critics panned it without mercy. The pans should have washed out the play. But, as actors have pointed out, sometimes a critic’s pan turns up gold.

　　1. The reason why panning disappeared was that ________.

　　A. nobody rushed for gold any more

　　B. the gold-miners was extremely tired with panning

　　C. technology had improved

　　D. the gold-miners were no longer allowed to use pans

　　2. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

　　A. In 1849 the gold rush was very popular.

　　B. The life of the gold-miners was very hard.

　　C. A movie panned by a critic will certainly not be enjoyed by people.

　　D. In the beginning, panning was the only way to search for gold for the gold-miners.

　　3. Where can you most possibly find this passage?

　　A. A history book about UK.

　　B. Science text books.

　　C. A story book about words．

　　D. A book about making pans.

　　答案與解析

　　【語篇解讀】

　　本文通過淘金時代引出關于pan這個詞的用法說明。

　　1. 答案

　　C

　　解析

　　細節理解題。由第四段中“huge machines were built that could wash many tons of dirt at a time”可知答案。

　　2. 答案

　　C

　　解析

　　推理判斷題。由第一段最后一句話可知A項表述正確;由第二、三段可知淘金者的生活很艱難，B項表述正確；文章的最后一段最后一句話可知C項太絕對，是錯誤的；由第三段第一句話可知D項表述正確。

　　3. 答案

　　C

　　解析

　　推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文的中心并非是關于淘金的歷史。而是由此引出pan這個詞的使用，由此可知答案。

　　New research links “silent strokes(中風)”, or small spots of dead brain cells, found in about one out of four older adults to memory loss in the elderly. The study is published in the January 3, 2024, print issue of Neurology?, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology. “The new aspect of this study of memory loss in the elderly is that it examines silent strokes and hippocampal shrinkage(海馬收縮)at the same time,” said study author Adam M.Brickman, PhD of the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease(老年癡呆癥)and the Aging Brain at Columbia University Medical Center in New York.

　　For the study, a group of 658 people aged 65 and older and free of dementia(癡呆)were given MRI brain scans. Participants also underwent tests that measured their memory, language, speed at processing(處理)information and visual perception. A total of 174 of the participants had silent strokes.

　　The study found people with silent strokes scored somewhat worse on memory tests than those without silent strokes. This was true whether or not people had a small hippocampus, which is the memory center of the brain.

　　“Given that conditions like Alzheimer’s disease are shown mainly by memory problems, our results may lead to further insight into what causes symptoms(癥狀)and the development of new method of prevention. Since silent strokes and the volume of the hippocampus appeared to be associated with memory loss separately in our study, our results also support stroke prevention as a means for staving off memory problems,” said Brickman.

　　The study was supported by the National Institutes of Health.

　　4. The special point of the new study of memory loss was that _______.

　　A. it studied silent strokes

　　B. the study was published in the American medical journal

　　C. it examined silent strokes and hippocampal shrinkage at the same time

　　D. a group of people were given MRI scans in the study

　　5. According to the passage, we know hippocampus is ________.

　　A. a kind of animal in the sea

　　B. a part of the brain

　　C. a kind of brain disease

　　D. a symptom of a disease

　　6. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A. Memory loss has nothing to do with silent strokes.

　　B. A small hippocampus may have a had effect on memory.

　　C. A person with silent strokes has a worse memory than one without silent strokes.

　　D. Silent strokes don’t affect a person’s memory very much.

　　7. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

　　A. The new research will surely help researchers find ways to cure Alzheimer’s disease.

　　B. Memory loss is no longer a problem.

　　C. The new research may contribute to a new way to deal with memory loss.

　　D. The researchers have already found a cure of silent strokes.

　　答案與解析

　　【語篇解讀】

　　本篇為說明文，主要介紹科學家發現了中風與記憶力缺失可能有關系這一結論。

　　4. 答案

　　C

　　解析

　　細節理解題。由第一段第三句話“The new aspect of this study of memory loss in the elderly is that it examines silent strokes and hippocampal shrinkage(海馬收縮)at the same time, ....”可知答案。

　　5. 答案

　　B

　　解析

　　細節理解題。由第三段最后一句“... which is the memory center of the brain”可知hippocampus是大腦的一部分。

　　6. 答案

　　C

　　解析

　　細節理解題。由第三段第一句話可知。

　　7. 答案

　　C

　　解析

　　推理判斷題。由最后一段第一句話“... our results may lead to further insight into what causes symptoms(癥狀)and the development of new method of prevention.”可知。A、B、D三項過于絕對或與文章事實不符。

　　Ⅲ.書面表達

　　假如你是紅星高中的李華，請根據這幅漫畫及提示，寫一篇號召人們保護森林，愛護樹木的倡議書。