第十九單元 組織段落方法重要性和熟悉度順序

　　19.1 重要性順序排列法

　　前面我們已經(jīng)討論了組織段落的兩種方法時(shí)間順序法(time-order)和空間順序法(space-order)。組織段落的第三種方法是根據(jù)重要性排列的方法(to organize details according to their order of importance)。作者使用這種方法的依據(jù)是他認(rèn)為所選用的細(xì)節(jié)應(yīng)如何加以強(qiáng)調(diào)。

　　使用重要性順序法，可選用上升順序(ascending order)，或下降順序(aescending oraer)。前者先列舉次要觀點(diǎn)，把重要的留到最末(如示范段落17-1)，后者先強(qiáng)調(diào)最重要的觀點(diǎn)，然后列舉次要觀點(diǎn)(如示范段落4-1)。

　　19.2 熟悉度順序排列法

　　對(duì)于某些段落，也許使用熟悉度順序法(order of familiarity)更恰當(dāng)。這種方法根據(jù)讀者對(duì)作者所選用的一系列細(xì)節(jié)的熟悉程度排列。例如，在分類段落中，作者經(jīng)常先談?wù)撟x者比較熟悉的、具體的細(xì)節(jié)，然后談?wù)撟x者不大熟悉的細(xì)節(jié)，如示范段落16-1。

　　19.3 使用順序法的一般準(zhǔn)則

　　到目前為止，我們共討論了四種組織段落順序，使用哪一種順序取決于作者的寫作目的和讀者對(duì)主題的熟悉程度。

　　1)如果你要說(shuō)服別人相信一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，應(yīng)該選用重要性順序，把最好和最有力的理由放在能使讀者最容易牢記的地方段末。

　　2)如果你要向讀者準(zhǔn)確地展示一個(gè)場(chǎng)面，則應(yīng)選用空間順序描述，以便你的讀者能夠在腦海中再現(xiàn)你所描繪的畫面。

　　3)如果讀者對(duì)你要談?wù)摰脑掝}不大熟悉，則應(yīng)從熟悉的觀點(diǎn)著手。

　　4)如果你要告訴讀者發(fā)生了什么事情或怎樣做某件事，則需要時(shí)間順序。

　　Exercise 19-1

　　Directions：Read the following two paragraphs and analyze their orders of organization.

　　(1)

　　Why are young people so enthusiastic about computers?It is mainly because they find that the computer has a large number of desirable properties.First，its not terribly demanding，and it does what it is told.Second，its easier to be a friend to a computer，for it wont make fun of you.Nor does it scold you or talk back.Third，the computer is more interesting than any other object.Like people，it is interactive.When you ask it a question，it gives you an answer.And because it stores great quantities of information，it can oftenanswer more questions，more accurately，than human friends.Finally，by programing a computer，a youngster can create a world of his own.

　　Topic Sentence：____________________________________________

　　______________________________________________________________

　　Developing Method：_________________________________________

　　Details：1._______________________________________________

　　2._______________________________________________

　　3._______________________________________________

　　4._______________________________________________

　　Order of Organization：________________________________________

　　(2)

　　People travel because travel benefits them in a number of ways.First，it enables people to derive much pleasure from seeing sight sand snapping pictures.Second，it provides an effective way to get their mind off their work.It relieves them from strain and makes them thoroughly relaxed and ready to resume their work with rennewed efforts.Third，it offers an opportunity to visit old friends and make new friends，too.Finally，it allows people to see new customs，learn new things，gain new experience and enables them to come back with broader mind.

　　Topic Sentence：____________________________________________

　　______________________________________________________________

　　Developing Method：________________________________________

　　Details：1.______________________________________________

　　2.______________________________________________

　　3.______________________________________________

　　4.______________________________________________

　　Order of Organization：______________________________________

　　Exercise 19-1

　　Directions：Write a paragraph about the unfavorable effects of advertisements，using order of importance.

　　_______________________________

　　Exercise 19-2

　　Directions：Write a paragraph about the phenomena of the wasting of water，using order of familiarity.

　　第十九單元 組織段落方法重要性和熟悉度順序

　　19.1 重要性順序排列法

　　前面我們已經(jīng)討論了組織段落的兩種方法時(shí)間順序法(time-order)和空間順序法(space-order)。組織段落的第三種方法是根據(jù)重要性排列的方法(to organize details according to their order of importance)。作者使用這種方法的依據(jù)是他認(rèn)為所選用的細(xì)節(jié)應(yīng)如何加以強(qiáng)調(diào)。

　　使用重要性順序法，可選用上升順序(ascending order)，或下降順序(aescending oraer)。前者先列舉次要觀點(diǎn)，把重要的留到最末(如示范段落17-1)，后者先強(qiáng)調(diào)最重要的觀點(diǎn)，然后列舉次要觀點(diǎn)(如示范段落4-1)。

　　19.2 熟悉度順序排列法

　　對(duì)于某些段落，也許使用熟悉度順序法(order of familiarity)更恰當(dāng)。這種方法根據(jù)讀者對(duì)作者所選用的一系列細(xì)節(jié)的熟悉程度排列。例如，在分類段落中，作者經(jīng)常先談?wù)撟x者比較熟悉的、具體的細(xì)節(jié)，然后談?wù)撟x者不大熟悉的細(xì)節(jié)，如示范段落16-1。

　　19.3 使用順序法的一般準(zhǔn)則

　　到目前為止，我們共討論了四種組織段落順序，使用哪一種順序取決于作者的寫作目的和讀者對(duì)主題的熟悉程度。

　　1)如果你要說(shuō)服別人相信一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，應(yīng)該選用重要性順序，把最好和最有力的理由放在能使讀者最容易牢記的地方段末。

　　2)如果你要向讀者準(zhǔn)確地展示一個(gè)場(chǎng)面，則應(yīng)選用空間順序描述，以便你的讀者能夠在腦海中再現(xiàn)你所描繪的畫面。

　　3)如果讀者對(duì)你要談?wù)摰脑掝}不大熟悉，則應(yīng)從熟悉的觀點(diǎn)著手。

　　4)如果你要告訴讀者發(fā)生了什么事情或怎樣做某件事，則需要時(shí)間順序。

　　Exercise 19-1

　　Directions：Read the following two paragraphs and analyze their orders of organization.

　　(1)

　　Why are young people so enthusiastic about computers?It is mainly because they find that the computer has a large number of desirable properties.First，its not terribly demanding，and it does what it is told.Second，its easier to be a friend to a computer，for it wont make fun of you.Nor does it scold you or talk back.Third，the computer is more interesting than any other object.Like people，it is interactive.When you ask it a question，it gives you an answer.And because it stores great quantities of information，it can oftenanswer more questions，more accurately，than human friends.Finally，by programing a computer，a youngster can create a world of his own.

　　Topic Sentence：____________________________________________

　　______________________________________________________________

　　Developing Method：_________________________________________

　　Details：1._______________________________________________

　　2._______________________________________________

　　3._______________________________________________

　　4._______________________________________________

　　Order of Organization：________________________________________

　　(2)

　　People travel because travel benefits them in a number of ways.First，it enables people to derive much pleasure from seeing sight sand snapping pictures.Second，it provides an effective way to get their mind off their work.It relieves them from strain and makes them thoroughly relaxed and ready to resume their work with rennewed efforts.Third，it offers an opportunity to visit old friends and make new friends，too.Finally，it allows people to see new customs，learn new things，gain new experience and enables them to come back with broader mind.

　　Topic Sentence：____________________________________________

　　______________________________________________________________

　　Developing Method：________________________________________

　　Details：1.______________________________________________

　　2.______________________________________________

　　3.______________________________________________

　　4.______________________________________________

　　Order of Organization：______________________________________

　　Exercise 19-1

　　Directions：Write a paragraph about the unfavorable effects of advertisements，using order of importance.

　　_______________________________

　　Exercise 19-2

　　Directions：Write a paragraph about the phenomena of the wasting of water，using order of familiarity.