In an interview with the Guardian, Professor Matthew Walker, director of the Centre for Human Sleep Science at the University of California, Berkeley, said that sleep deprivation affects "every aspect of our biology".

加州大學伯克利分校人類睡眠科學中心主任馬修·沃克在接受《衛報》采訪時表示，睡眠不足會影響“我們生物學的各個方面”。

Through his work, he's determined that people who don't get enough sleep tend to be less healthy and have lower energy levels than those who get the recommended amount of shut eye per night.

沃克通過研究發現，與那些達到了建議睡眠時間量的人相比，睡眠不足的人往往健康狀況欠佳，精力不足。

After analyzing the results of 20 separate studies, he's found a strong correlation between how much people sleep and how long they live. In summary: The less you sleep, the shorter your life will be.

他分析了20個獨立的研究結果，發現人們的睡眠時間與壽命長短存在很強的關聯。簡而言之：睡眠越少，壽命越短。

This is a problem, particularly because many of us are conditioned to equate sleep with laziness.

我們很多人都把睡覺與懶惰聯系起來，這樣是不對的。

"We want to seem busy, and one way we express that is by proclaiming how little sleep we're getting," he told The Guardian. "It's a badge of honor."

沃克向《衛報》透露：“我們想讓自己看上去很忙，所以常常對別人說自己睡眠很少，感覺睡得少是一種榮譽勛章。”

When he gives talks, he says people will wait until afterwards to whisper to them that they need eight or nine hours of sleep at night, similar to how someone might confess a crime. But they shouldn't -- they're the ones making the healthier choice.

沃克說，他去做演講時，聽眾等到結束后悄悄告訴他，他們需要每晚8-9個小時的睡眠，那樣子就像是在承認干了什么錯事兒。他們不應該這么想，這才是更健康的生活方式。

In one study, for instance, adults age 45 and older that slept less than 6 hours each night were 200% more likely to have a heart attack or stroke during their lifetime compared to participants who got 7 or 8 hours.

以其中一項研究結果為例，45歲及以上、每晚睡眠少于6小時的成年人一生中心臟病發作或者中風的幾率是每晚睡7或8小時的受訪者的2倍。

In other studies, sleeping less has been associated with an increased risk of weight gain, developing Alzheimers, and relapses in addition disorders.

在其它研究中，缺乏睡眠的人被認為患肥胖和阿爾茨海默癥的風險增大，其他身體機能失調的舊病也更容易復發。

On a basic level, lack of sleep also lowered participants' immune systems.

從基本上看，缺乏睡眠會導致人體免疫力降低。

Walker's suggestion for people: Avoid pulling all-nighters. After you've been awake for 19 hours you're essentially as cognitively impaired as a drunk person.

沃克建議人們盡量避免熬夜。清醒19小時后，人的認知功能基本和醉酒者相當。

Also, think of sleep like a job. Just like going to the gym, you need to make sure you go to bed.

他還建議人們把睡眠當成一種任務，就像去健身房那樣，要保證讓自己按時上床睡覺。

In an interview with the Guardian, Professor Matthew Walker, director of the Centre for Human Sleep Science at the University of California, Berkeley, said that sleep deprivation affects "every aspect of our biology".

加州大學伯克利分校人類睡眠科學中心主任馬修·沃克在接受《衛報》采訪時表示，睡眠不足會影響“我們生物學的各個方面”。

Through his work, he's determined that people who don't get enough sleep tend to be less healthy and have lower energy levels than those who get the recommended amount of shut eye per night.

沃克通過研究發現，與那些達到了建議睡眠時間量的人相比，睡眠不足的人往往健康狀況欠佳，精力不足。

After analyzing the results of 20 separate studies, he's found a strong correlation between how much people sleep and how long they live. In summary: The less you sleep, the shorter your life will be.

他分析了20個獨立的研究結果，發現人們的睡眠時間與壽命長短存在很強的關聯。簡而言之：睡眠越少，壽命越短。

This is a problem, particularly because many of us are conditioned to equate sleep with laziness.

我們很多人都把睡覺與懶惰聯系起來，這樣是不對的。

"We want to seem busy, and one way we express that is by proclaiming how little sleep we're getting," he told The Guardian. "It's a badge of honor."

沃克向《衛報》透露：“我們想讓自己看上去很忙，所以常常對別人說自己睡眠很少，感覺睡得少是一種榮譽勛章。”

When he gives talks, he says people will wait until afterwards to whisper to them that they need eight or nine hours of sleep at night, similar to how someone might confess a crime. But they shouldn't -- they're the ones making the healthier choice.

沃克說，他去做演講時，聽眾等到結束后悄悄告訴他，他們需要每晚8-9個小時的睡眠，那樣子就像是在承認干了什么錯事兒。他們不應該這么想，這才是更健康的生活方式。

In one study, for instance, adults age 45 and older that slept less than 6 hours each night were 200% more likely to have a heart attack or stroke during their lifetime compared to participants who got 7 or 8 hours.

以其中一項研究結果為例，45歲及以上、每晚睡眠少于6小時的成年人一生中心臟病發作或者中風的幾率是每晚睡7或8小時的受訪者的2倍。

In other studies, sleeping less has been associated with an increased risk of weight gain, developing Alzheimers, and relapses in addition disorders.

在其它研究中，缺乏睡眠的人被認為患肥胖和阿爾茨海默癥的風險增大，其他身體機能失調的舊病也更容易復發。

On a basic level, lack of sleep also lowered participants' immune systems.

從基本上看，缺乏睡眠會導致人體免疫力降低。

Walker's suggestion for people: Avoid pulling all-nighters. After you've been awake for 19 hours you're essentially as cognitively impaired as a drunk person.

沃克建議人們盡量避免熬夜。清醒19小時后，人的認知功能基本和醉酒者相當。

Also, think of sleep like a job. Just like going to the gym, you need to make sure you go to bed.

他還建議人們把睡眠當成一種任務，就像去健身房那樣，要保證讓自己按時上床睡覺。