聽力試題的命題規(guī)律和解題的技巧
1.對(duì)話
聽力部分一般是20個(gè)小題，由A和B兩部分組成。第一部分通常是10個(gè)對(duì)話，每個(gè)對(duì)話設(shè)一個(gè)小題，要求同學(xué)們根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇正確答案。
2.短文
B部分有兩種形式，一是聽短文。一般是三篇120-140字之間的短文，每篇短文后有三到四個(gè)問題，共10道小題。該部分主要測(cè)試同學(xué)們的整體理解能力。
3.復(fù)合式聽寫
B部分的另一種是復(fù)合式聽寫。復(fù)合式聽寫由兩部分組成。一是單詞聽寫，要求同學(xué)們毫無差錯(cuò)地填出短文所缺單詞。另一種是補(bǔ)全信息。一般是，每段的第一句主題句已經(jīng)給出，要求填出具體細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容說明主題，可以使用聽到的原話，也可以使用自己的語言。
二、四六級(jí)英語聽力的命題規(guī)律和測(cè)試重點(diǎn)
1. 對(duì)話
對(duì)話部分考查的重點(diǎn)有：
1) 地點(diǎn)
根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容判斷對(duì)話發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)或?qū)υ捴兴崾录l(fā)生的地點(diǎn)是四六級(jí)英語聽力測(cè)試中常見的也是比較重要的一個(gè)題型。地點(diǎn)題一般有以下幾種：
根據(jù)信息詞設(shè)題
?、?W: Dear, I feel hungry now. How about you?
M: So do I.Let me call room service.Hello,room service.Please
send a menu to 320 right away.
Q: Where are the two speakers?
A. In a hotel. B. At a dinner table.
C. In the street. D. At the mans house.
該題通過hungry 和menu來迷惑同學(xué)們，引導(dǎo)大家選擇B，其實(shí)，本題所借助的信息詞是room service 和320這個(gè)房間號(hào)，答案是A。
② M: Can you stay for dinner?
W: Id love to. But I have to go and send some registered mail
before picking up the children from school.
Q: Where will the woman go first?
A. To the school B. To a friends house.
C. To the post office. D. Home
本題借助registered mail設(shè)題，答案是C。但這里同樣也有地點(diǎn)的辨析問題，要求同學(xué)們能聽出是首先到地方。
?、?M: Excuse me,Im looking for the emergency room.I thought that
it was on the first floor.
W: It is. This is the basement.Take the elevator one flight up
and turn left.
Q: Where did the conversation most probably take place?
A. In a library B. In a hotel.
C. In a hospital. D. In an elevator
本題設(shè)題所依據(jù)的信息詞是emergency room，只要考生了解其語域就可判斷答案為C。
借助對(duì)話中提到的多個(gè)地點(diǎn)設(shè)題
有時(shí)對(duì)話中提到的地點(diǎn)不只一個(gè)，這時(shí)，一般是將所有的地點(diǎn)都包括在選項(xiàng)之中。這種情況下，同學(xué)們不必考慮信息詞問題，只要能將地點(diǎn)與其相關(guān)事件聯(lián)系起來就可確定答案。如：
?、?M: I did not see our boss yesterday. Has he come back?
W: He was just back from France besides visiting Britain，
Germany，and Spain.
Q: Which country did the woman visit first?
A. France B. Britain C. Germany D. Spain
四個(gè)地點(diǎn)都是訪問過的地點(diǎn)，要求同學(xué)們能夠分清先后。答案為B。
?、?M: Will Mr. Smith come to the party at the weekend?
W: Hell be supposed to，，but he wont be back from his trip
until the next week.
Q: Where will Mr. Smith be on Saturday?
A. At the party B. At home
C. Still on his trip D. Back from his trip.
本題是將地點(diǎn)與時(shí)間連在一起，要求同學(xué)們?cè)诼牭耐瑫r(shí)注意區(qū)別每個(gè)事件所發(fā)生的時(shí)間，答案為C。
2) 職業(yè)、身份
根據(jù)說話內(nèi)容判斷說話者的身份和職業(yè)是四六級(jí)聽力測(cè)試中又一常見題型。該題型的題項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)有兩種：
說話者自身的身份或職業(yè)
根據(jù)談話內(nèi)容判斷說話者一方的職業(yè)或身份：
?、?W: Good evening,Professor David.My name is Susan Gray.Im with
the local newspaper.Do you mind if I ask you a few questions?
M: Not at all. Go ahead, please.
Q: What is Susan Gray.
A. A writer. B. A teacher. C. A reporter. D. A student.
由local newspaper可以判斷說話者是位記者，在采訪。
?、?M: How about the food I ordered? Ive been waiting for 20 minutes
already.
W: Im very sorry, sir. Ill be back with your order in a minute.
Q: Who is the man most probably speaking to?
A. A shop assistant. B. A telephone operator
C. A waitress. D. A clerk.
與order有關(guān)的自然是waitress，答案為A。
說話雙方之間的關(guān)系
該題型是上一題型的延伸，要求同學(xué)們能判斷說話者雙方的身份，問題經(jīng)常是 Whats the relationship between the two speakers?
?、?W: How long will it take you to fix my watch?
M: Ill call you when its ready. But it shouldnt take longer
than a week.
Q: What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Librarian and student. B. Operator and caller.
C. Boss and secretary. D. Customer and repairman.
??既然女士讓男的fix my watch，說明對(duì)方是repairman，而自己是customer。
② M: Sorry to trouble you.But is there any possibility of borrowing
a blanket? I feel cold.
W: I think weve got one. Could you wait until after take-off
please?
Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A. A guest and a receptionist.
B. A passenger and an air hostess.
C. A customer and a shop assistant.
D. A guest and a waitress.
take-off一詞的使用說明女的是空姐，答案自然是B。
可以看出，職業(yè)、身份以及說話雙方關(guān)系的選擇所依據(jù)的同樣是信息詞。當(dāng)然，要判斷雙方的關(guān)系，還可以從說話的方式入手。如：
M: Make thirty copies for me and twenty copies for Mr. Brown.
W: Certainly sir. As soon as I make the final corrections on the
original.
Q: Whats the relationship between the two speakers?
A. Boss and secretary. B. Lawyer and client.
C Teacher and student. D. Nurse and patient.
兩人間說話的語氣和方式表明是老板與秘書的關(guān)系。
1.對(duì)話
聽力部分一般是20個(gè)小題，由A和B兩部分組成。第一部分通常是10個(gè)對(duì)話，每個(gè)對(duì)話設(shè)一個(gè)小題，要求同學(xué)們根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇正確答案。
2.短文
B部分有兩種形式，一是聽短文。一般是三篇120-140字之間的短文，每篇短文后有三到四個(gè)問題，共10道小題。該部分主要測(cè)試同學(xué)們的整體理解能力。
3.復(fù)合式聽寫
B部分的另一種是復(fù)合式聽寫。復(fù)合式聽寫由兩部分組成。一是單詞聽寫，要求同學(xué)們毫無差錯(cuò)地填出短文所缺單詞。另一種是補(bǔ)全信息。一般是，每段的第一句主題句已經(jīng)給出，要求填出具體細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容說明主題，可以使用聽到的原話，也可以使用自己的語言。
二、四六級(jí)英語聽力的命題規(guī)律和測(cè)試重點(diǎn)
1. 對(duì)話
對(duì)話部分考查的重點(diǎn)有：
1) 地點(diǎn)
根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容判斷對(duì)話發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)或?qū)υ捴兴崾录l(fā)生的地點(diǎn)是四六級(jí)英語聽力測(cè)試中常見的也是比較重要的一個(gè)題型。地點(diǎn)題一般有以下幾種：
根據(jù)信息詞設(shè)題
?、?W: Dear, I feel hungry now. How about you?
M: So do I.Let me call room service.Hello,room service.Please
send a menu to 320 right away.
Q: Where are the two speakers?
A. In a hotel. B. At a dinner table.
C. In the street. D. At the mans house.
該題通過hungry 和menu來迷惑同學(xué)們，引導(dǎo)大家選擇B，其實(shí)，本題所借助的信息詞是room service 和320這個(gè)房間號(hào)，答案是A。
?、?M: Can you stay for dinner?
W: Id love to. But I have to go and send some registered mail
before picking up the children from school.
Q: Where will the woman go first?
A. To the school B. To a friends house.
C. To the post office. D. Home
本題借助registered mail設(shè)題，答案是C。但這里同樣也有地點(diǎn)的辨析問題，要求同學(xué)們能聽出是首先到地方。
③ M: Excuse me,Im looking for the emergency room.I thought that
it was on the first floor.
W: It is. This is the basement.Take the elevator one flight up
and turn left.
Q: Where did the conversation most probably take place?
A. In a library B. In a hotel.
C. In a hospital. D. In an elevator
本題設(shè)題所依據(jù)的信息詞是emergency room，只要考生了解其語域就可判斷答案為C。
借助對(duì)話中提到的多個(gè)地點(diǎn)設(shè)題
有時(shí)對(duì)話中提到的地點(diǎn)不只一個(gè)，這時(shí)，一般是將所有的地點(diǎn)都包括在選項(xiàng)之中。這種情況下，同學(xué)們不必考慮信息詞問題，只要能將地點(diǎn)與其相關(guān)事件聯(lián)系起來就可確定答案。如：
?、?M: I did not see our boss yesterday. Has he come back?
W: He was just back from France besides visiting Britain，
Germany，and Spain.
Q: Which country did the woman visit first?
A. France B. Britain C. Germany D. Spain
四個(gè)地點(diǎn)都是訪問過的地點(diǎn)，要求同學(xué)們能夠分清先后。答案為B。
② M: Will Mr. Smith come to the party at the weekend?
W: Hell be supposed to，，but he wont be back from his trip
until the next week.
Q: Where will Mr. Smith be on Saturday?
A. At the party B. At home
C. Still on his trip D. Back from his trip.
本題是將地點(diǎn)與時(shí)間連在一起，要求同學(xué)們?cè)诼牭耐瑫r(shí)注意區(qū)別每個(gè)事件所發(fā)生的時(shí)間，答案為C。
2) 職業(yè)、身份
根據(jù)說話內(nèi)容判斷說話者的身份和職業(yè)是四六級(jí)聽力測(cè)試中又一常見題型。該題型的題項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)有兩種：
說話者自身的身份或職業(yè)
根據(jù)談話內(nèi)容判斷說話者一方的職業(yè)或身份：
?、?W: Good evening,Professor David.My name is Susan Gray.Im with
the local newspaper.Do you mind if I ask you a few questions?
M: Not at all. Go ahead, please.
Q: What is Susan Gray.
A. A writer. B. A teacher. C. A reporter. D. A student.
由local newspaper可以判斷說話者是位記者，在采訪。
?、?M: How about the food I ordered? Ive been waiting for 20 minutes
already.
W: Im very sorry, sir. Ill be back with your order in a minute.
Q: Who is the man most probably speaking to?
A. A shop assistant. B. A telephone operator
C. A waitress. D. A clerk.
與order有關(guān)的自然是waitress，答案為A。
說話雙方之間的關(guān)系
該題型是上一題型的延伸，要求同學(xué)們能判斷說話者雙方的身份，問題經(jīng)常是 Whats the relationship between the two speakers?
?、?W: How long will it take you to fix my watch?
M: Ill call you when its ready. But it shouldnt take longer
than a week.
Q: What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Librarian and student. B. Operator and caller.
C. Boss and secretary. D. Customer and repairman.
??既然女士讓男的fix my watch，說明對(duì)方是repairman，而自己是customer。
?、?M: Sorry to trouble you.But is there any possibility of borrowing
a blanket? I feel cold.
W: I think weve got one. Could you wait until after take-off
please?
Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A. A guest and a receptionist.
B. A passenger and an air hostess.
C. A customer and a shop assistant.
D. A guest and a waitress.
take-off一詞的使用說明女的是空姐，答案自然是B。
可以看出，職業(yè)、身份以及說話雙方關(guān)系的選擇所依據(jù)的同樣是信息詞。當(dāng)然，要判斷雙方的關(guān)系，還可以從說話的方式入手。如：
M: Make thirty copies for me and twenty copies for Mr. Brown.
W: Certainly sir. As soon as I make the final corrections on the
original.
Q: Whats the relationship between the two speakers?
A. Boss and secretary. B. Lawyer and client.
C Teacher and student. D. Nurse and patient.
兩人間說話的語氣和方式表明是老板與秘書的關(guān)系。
