Unit 1 Good morning!教案
Unit 1 Good morning!教案
No. 110 Middle School by Cao Yi
課程目標(biāo)
一、知識(shí)和能力目標(biāo)
本單元要求學(xué)生掌握英文字母A―H，能認(rèn)讀其印刷體和手寫(xiě)體字母的大小寫(xiě)等四種形式。書(shū)寫(xiě)(大寫(xiě)和小寫(xiě)，筆順，筆畫(huà))基本合乎要求。能看,聽(tīng)，說(shuō)本單元所列的日常交際用語(yǔ)，重點(diǎn)學(xué)會(huì)打招呼，并做到語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)正確。注意一些字母及日常交際用語(yǔ)的發(fā)音，提醒學(xué)生不要將C/si：/發(fā)成/sei:/; H /e??/發(fā)成/e?/，也不要將Good morning/??????????說(shuō)成/??????????/等。
二、過(guò)程和方法目標(biāo)
教師要盡量用英語(yǔ)組織。充分利用課堂的40分鐘，不講或少講漢語(yǔ)，盡量給學(xué)生創(chuàng)造英語(yǔ)情景。教師可以用手勢(shì)，表情，動(dòng)作等示意，幫助學(xué)生聽(tīng)懂課堂用語(yǔ)和日常交際用語(yǔ)，第一次介紹某個(gè)用語(yǔ)時(shí)，說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，加譯文及手勢(shì)，以后可酌情省去譯文，最后只說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，逐步讓學(xué)生聽(tīng)懂。
三、情感態(tài)度和價(jià)值觀目標(biāo)
萬(wàn)事開(kāi)頭難，首先利用這個(gè)單元培養(yǎng)學(xué)生們對(duì)英語(yǔ)的興趣，因?yàn)榕d趣是最好的老師。
學(xué)情分析
體會(huì)打招呼用語(yǔ)的奧妙所在，做到靈活運(yùn)用。
1.Good morning /afternoon /evening：適用于比較正式客氣的場(chǎng)合，雙方都應(yīng)說(shuō)Good morning /afternoon /evening!例如：
A：Good morning，Miss Zhao.早晨好，趙老師。
B：Good morning，Mr.Wang.早晨好，王校長(zhǎng)。
2.Morning：適用于比較熟悉的朋友之間或比較繁忙的情況下。
3.Hello：是最廣泛、最簡(jiǎn)單的打招呼語(yǔ)，顯得親切自然。例如：
A：Hello，Kate.你好，凱特。
B：Hero，Li Lei.你好，李雷。
4.Hi：在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，Hi比Hello用得更多，顯得更隨和。例如：
A：Hi，Han Meimei.你好，韓梅梅。
B：Hi，Lucy.你好，露西。
準(zhǔn)備
tape―recorder，multi―medium.
課時(shí)參考
四課時(shí)
Period 1
Step 1：Introduction
Begin by greeting the class with a smile and good morning!
Now，introduce the words teacher and class.by using gestures.Repeat
this several times and have the class repeat after you.Students Can answer as a whole group.As rows and as individuals.Repeat I am your teacher and you are the class several times.
Now，introduce the class to the instructions：Class，please sit down and class，please stand up by using actions and gestures.They can practice this several times.
Step 2：Lead―in
You may want t0 leave the class again to introduce the usual Good morning routine.Say Good morning class.Help students respond with Good morning.Point to yourself and say Im Miss/，Mr.Have them repeat.Explain the terms Miss and Mr.in Chinese.
Repeat this a few times with rows and individuals or try a back-chain drill：
Miss，Mr. (Ss repeat)
Morning，Miss/M r. (Ss repeat)
Good morning，Miss，Mr. (Ss repeat)
Step 3：Practice
Say：Stand up，please! (Ss stand up)
Leave the classroom，return and say Good morning，class! Help the students respond with Good morning，Miss/，Mr.Say Sit down，please.Now lets start the lesson.
Step 4：Presentation and activity
Now point to yourself and say My name is Miss/Mr. I am your teacher.
Find a student you know and say your name is(Beth).Then ask What is your name? Help them respond with My name is . When the student answers, respond with HelloNice to meet you! Repeat this activity several times，first with students you know and then with others.Help them to respond with Nice to meet you，too.Explain the Word too in Chinese.
Step 5：Practice
Get the students to practice the f0llowing dialogue in pairs.
S1：Good morning.
S2：Good morning.Im (Ben).Whats your name?
Sl：My name is (Dale).Nice to meet you!
S2：Nice to meet you.too.
Call out several pairs of students to give their performance.Praise their efforts as much as possible.Help the slower students with patience.
Step 6：Presentation
Do activity 1a：Look at the picture.Find the small letters for these big letters.
First present letters a-h，and get the students to repeat these letters.Call the students to attention the letter C/si：/not/sei：/.H /e??/ not /e?/
Step 7：Listening and writing
Get the students to listen to the tape and finish the task list on the book.Make sure all the students know what they should do.
Have the students watch the teacher writing the letters on the blackboard, then ask them to follow the teacher and write down these letters on their exercise―books.Let the students know the diffences between the big letters and the small letters.
Step 8：Games time
Let the students do some letters games to enjoy your lesson，the following is the instruction.
搶讀字母游戲：教師將全班分成若干小組，然后逐個(gè)出示字母卡片，學(xué)生們舉手搶答。教師讓最先舉手的學(xué)生讀出該字母，讀對(duì)的給該組記lO分，得分最多的組為優(yōu)勝組。
Step 9: Homework
Copy the conversation and letters. (Do entering famous school)
Period 2
Step 1：Lead―in
Do free talk：Greet students and ask them to greet each other. Play a role game. Ask students to collect information about their idols such as Bill Gates, Thomas Edison, Jacky Cheng and so on and write their names down. Get them act as their idols and introduce themselves to their partners. The following is sample:
T: Good morning, My name is Bill Gates.
S: Good morning, Im Jacky Cheng.
T: Nice to meet you, Jacky.
S: Nice to meet you, too. Bill.
Encourage the students to care what kind of English they can find in the street or in the other ways. Show the students some CDs and ask them if they know what it is. Repeat with the other things. And add some more things such as DVD and KFC. Train the students to care the things happening around them, such as: ID means identification card. OK means all right. Then get them to finish the exercise on the screen. Go on doing the above step to ask them to list more about the abbreviation. (See the powerpoint)
Step 2：Pairwork
Let students work in pairs to practice the dialogue on 3a.Get them to act it out after practicing. Do 3b.Make sure all the students know the answers correctly. Let the students try their best to remember how to pronounce all the names.
Let the students try
Step 3：Practice
Play the tape and ask the students to sing after it in chorus and individual. Give them a chance to perform.Praise their efforts as much as possible.Help the slower students with patience.
Step 4：Homework
Copy the letters and the new words and finish off the workbook. (Do entering famous school)
Period 3
Step 1: Lead-in
Begin the class with singing the song of Good morning together. Free talk. Ask : Hi! Good morning, Tom. Or Morning, Dale. etc. Let the students get used to speaking English in class，even after class, Encourage the students to speak English as much as possible.Say out all the letters in English while you are pointing the letters or things in the classroom.Make sure all the students know what you are saying and what it is in English.
Speech Cassette la of section B.Play the tape and ask the students to listen to it carefully, then act it out, also do the task of lb on the book.Next get the students to write down the small letters for each word (abbr.).
Step 2：Pairwork
Get the students to practise the dialogue by pointing out the things they know how to say in English.Ask the students to exchange the roles.Let them fill in the missing letter of each word in pairs.
Step 3：Listen and repeat
List out the letter A on the blackboard and encourage the students to say out what other words a1so make the same pronunciation. Give them some tips. Present the other letters the same as the 1etter A.Let the students follow the chant after the tape.
Step 4：Homework
Finish off the workbook.(Do entering famous school)
Period 4
Step 1：Go through all the contents list on this part，make sure all the students understand them. If they dont，you may use Chinese to explain it. (Do entering famous school)
單元教學(xué)測(cè)評(píng)
一、寫(xiě)出下列字母左鄰右舍
1. _____B______ 2. ______c ______ 3. _____f______ 4. ____E_____ 5. _____g _____
二、寫(xiě)出下列大字字母的小寫(xiě)字母。
1. BEE ________ 2. BAG _______ 3. BED _______ 4. HB _______ 5. CD _______
6. ABC ________ 7. AD _______ 8. CAAC _______ 9. BEC _______ 10. FACE _______
三、比較下列每組字母或單詞的讀音，相同的用(S)， 不同的用(D)表示。
1. b, a ( ) 2. c, e ( ) 3. a, e ( ) 4. b, d ( ) 5. a, c ( ) 6. Dale, Alice ( )
7. Frank, thanks ( ) 8. evening, Helen ( ) 9. A, H ( ) 10. E, F ( )
四、看圖寫(xiě)出下列圖所表示內(nèi)容的縮寫(xiě)字母或單詞。
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
__________ ____________ ____________ ___________ ___________
五、單項(xiàng)選擇
( )1. ---Good evening, Eric. ---_________, Cindy.
A. Good morning B. Good afternoon C. Good evening
( )2.一Good morning! ---_________
A.Thank you B.Good morning! C.Hello!
( )3.一Hello! 一_________
A.Hello! B.Thank you C.Im fine
( )4.一Sit down，P1ease. ---_________.
A.Im fine B.My name is Li Lei C.Thank you
( )5.一Whats your name? --________.
A.Clark B. Im OK. C.Thank you
六、從所給選項(xiàng)中選出能回答以下問(wèn)題的交際用語(yǔ)
1.A：Good morning，class.
B: __________________.
2.A：Hello，Jim.How are you?
B：________.
3.A：Whats your name?
B：____________ .
4.A：Sit down，please.
B：___________.
5.A：Whats this?
B：__________.
a.Its B. b.Good morning，teacher. c.Fine，thank you.
d.My name is Jim. e.Thank you.
七、連詞成句
1.good，you，to，morning
2.you, hi, how, Grace, are
3.name，my，Jim，is
4.sit，Please，down
5.fine，you，thank
八、選擇正確的答案填空
( )1.早上老師進(jìn)教室時(shí)，同學(xué)們應(yīng)對(duì)老師說(shuō)：____________
A.Hello! B. How are you?
C.Good morning，Mr/Miss! D.Good afternoon
( )2.假設(shè)你叫Lin Lin，當(dāng)人家問(wèn)你Are you Lin Lin?時(shí)，你應(yīng)該說(shuō)： ___________
A.My name is Lin Lin. B.Yes，I am. C.I am not. D.Yes.it is.
( )3.當(dāng)你要向別人打聽(tīng)某事時(shí)，你應(yīng)說(shuō)：__________
A.Hello B.Sorry C.Excuse me D.Hi
( )4.當(dāng)你向別人介紹你的朋友Jim時(shí)，你應(yīng)說(shuō)：__________
A.This is Jim B.He is Jim C.You are Jim D.I am Jim
( )5.當(dāng)你認(rèn)錯(cuò)人時(shí)，你應(yīng)說(shuō)：___________.
A. Excuse me B. Im OK C.Im sorry D.Thank you
( )6. _____________? --Fine，thank you.
A. How do you do B.How old are you C. Can you spell it D. How are you
九、補(bǔ)全對(duì)話(huà)
1.A：Hello! B: ________________!
A：Whats your name? B: ___________name is Kate Green.
A：_______ are you? B: Fine, __________you. How are you?
A：Im fine.Whats this? B: _____________ Gg.
A：Thank_______ .
2.T：Good morning，class.
S：_____________________, teacher. T: How are you?
S：______________, thank you, ________you? T: Im fine, ________. Whats this?
S：Its Nn(嗯). T: No, its Nn /en/.
S： Nn /en/ T: Yes, sit _____________, please.
參考答案
一、1.ABC 2.b c d 3.e f g 4.D E F 5.f g h
二、1.bee 2.bag 3.bed 4.hb 5.cd 6. abc 7. ad 8. caac 9. bec 10. face
三、1. D 2.S 3. D 4. S 5. D 6. D 7. S 8. D 9. S 10. D
四、1. HB 2. bed 3. BBC 4. CD 5. hand 五、1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.A
六、1.b 2.c 3.d 4.e 5.A
七、1.Good morning to you.2.Hi, Grace. How are you? 3.My name is Jim.4.Sit down，please.5.Fine.thank you.
八、1.C 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.D
Unit 1 Good morning!教案
No. 110 Middle School by Cao Yi
課程目標(biāo)
一、知識(shí)和能力目標(biāo)
本單元要求學(xué)生掌握英文字母A―H，能認(rèn)讀其印刷體和手寫(xiě)體字母的大小寫(xiě)等四種形式。書(shū)寫(xiě)(大寫(xiě)和小寫(xiě)，筆順，筆畫(huà))基本合乎要求。能看,聽(tīng)，說(shuō)本單元所列的日常交際用語(yǔ)，重點(diǎn)學(xué)會(huì)打招呼，并做到語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)正確。注意一些字母及日常交際用語(yǔ)的發(fā)音，提醒學(xué)生不要將C/si：/發(fā)成/sei:/; H /e??/發(fā)成/e?/，也不要將Good morning/??????????說(shuō)成/??????????/等。
二、過(guò)程和方法目標(biāo)
教師要盡量用英語(yǔ)組織。充分利用課堂的40分鐘，不講或少講漢語(yǔ)，盡量給學(xué)生創(chuàng)造英語(yǔ)情景。教師可以用手勢(shì)，表情，動(dòng)作等示意，幫助學(xué)生聽(tīng)懂課堂用語(yǔ)和日常交際用語(yǔ)，第一次介紹某個(gè)用語(yǔ)時(shí)，說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，加譯文及手勢(shì)，以后可酌情省去譯文，最后只說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，逐步讓學(xué)生聽(tīng)懂。
三、情感態(tài)度和價(jià)值觀目標(biāo)
萬(wàn)事開(kāi)頭難，首先利用這個(gè)單元培養(yǎng)學(xué)生們對(duì)英語(yǔ)的興趣，因?yàn)榕d趣是最好的老師。
學(xué)情分析
體會(huì)打招呼用語(yǔ)的奧妙所在，做到靈活運(yùn)用。
1.Good morning /afternoon /evening：適用于比較正式客氣的場(chǎng)合，雙方都應(yīng)說(shuō)Good morning /afternoon /evening!例如：
A：Good morning，Miss Zhao.早晨好，趙老師。
B：Good morning，Mr.Wang.早晨好，王校長(zhǎng)。
2.Morning：適用于比較熟悉的朋友之間或比較繁忙的情況下。
3.Hello：是最廣泛、最簡(jiǎn)單的打招呼語(yǔ)，顯得親切自然。例如：
A：Hello，Kate.你好，凱特。
B：Hero，Li Lei.你好，李雷。
4.Hi：在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，Hi比Hello用得更多，顯得更隨和。例如：
A：Hi，Han Meimei.你好，韓梅梅。
B：Hi，Lucy.你好，露西。
準(zhǔn)備
tape―recorder，multi―medium.
課時(shí)參考
四課時(shí)
Period 1
Step 1：Introduction
Begin by greeting the class with a smile and good morning!
Now，introduce the words teacher and class.by using gestures.Repeat
this several times and have the class repeat after you.Students Can answer as a whole group.As rows and as individuals.Repeat I am your teacher and you are the class several times.
Now，introduce the class to the instructions：Class，please sit down and class，please stand up by using actions and gestures.They can practice this several times.
Step 2：Lead―in
You may want t0 leave the class again to introduce the usual Good morning routine.Say Good morning class.Help students respond with Good morning.Point to yourself and say Im Miss/，Mr.Have them repeat.Explain the terms Miss and Mr.in Chinese.
Repeat this a few times with rows and individuals or try a back-chain drill：
Miss，Mr. (Ss repeat)
Morning，Miss/M r. (Ss repeat)
Good morning，Miss，Mr. (Ss repeat)
Step 3：Practice
Say：Stand up，please! (Ss stand up)
Leave the classroom，return and say Good morning，class! Help the students respond with Good morning，Miss/，Mr.Say Sit down，please.Now lets start the lesson.
Step 4：Presentation and activity
Now point to yourself and say My name is Miss/Mr. I am your teacher.
Find a student you know and say your name is(Beth).Then ask What is your name? Help them respond with My name is . When the student answers, respond with HelloNice to meet you! Repeat this activity several times，first with students you know and then with others.Help them to respond with Nice to meet you，too.Explain the Word too in Chinese.
Step 5：Practice
Get the students to practice the f0llowing dialogue in pairs.
S1：Good morning.
S2：Good morning.Im (Ben).Whats your name?
Sl：My name is (Dale).Nice to meet you!
S2：Nice to meet you.too.
Call out several pairs of students to give their performance.Praise their efforts as much as possible.Help the slower students with patience.
Step 6：Presentation
Do activity 1a：Look at the picture.Find the small letters for these big letters.
First present letters a-h，and get the students to repeat these letters.Call the students to attention the letter C/si：/not/sei：/.H /e??/ not /e?/
Step 7：Listening and writing
Get the students to listen to the tape and finish the task list on the book.Make sure all the students know what they should do.
Have the students watch the teacher writing the letters on the blackboard, then ask them to follow the teacher and write down these letters on their exercise―books.Let the students know the diffences between the big letters and the small letters.
Step 8：Games time
Let the students do some letters games to enjoy your lesson，the following is the instruction.
搶讀字母游戲：教師將全班分成若干小組，然后逐個(gè)出示字母卡片，學(xué)生們舉手搶答。教師讓最先舉手的學(xué)生讀出該字母，讀對(duì)的給該組記lO分，得分最多的組為優(yōu)勝組。
Step 9: Homework
Copy the conversation and letters. (Do entering famous school)
Period 2
Step 1：Lead―in
Do free talk：Greet students and ask them to greet each other. Play a role game. Ask students to collect information about their idols such as Bill Gates, Thomas Edison, Jacky Cheng and so on and write their names down. Get them act as their idols and introduce themselves to their partners. The following is sample:
T: Good morning, My name is Bill Gates.
S: Good morning, Im Jacky Cheng.
T: Nice to meet you, Jacky.
S: Nice to meet you, too. Bill.
Encourage the students to care what kind of English they can find in the street or in the other ways. Show the students some CDs and ask them if they know what it is. Repeat with the other things. And add some more things such as DVD and KFC. Train the students to care the things happening around them, such as: ID means identification card. OK means all right. Then get them to finish the exercise on the screen. Go on doing the above step to ask them to list more about the abbreviation. (See the powerpoint)
Step 2：Pairwork
Let students work in pairs to practice the dialogue on 3a.Get them to act it out after practicing. Do 3b.Make sure all the students know the answers correctly. Let the students try their best to remember how to pronounce all the names.
Let the students try
Step 3：Practice
Play the tape and ask the students to sing after it in chorus and individual. Give them a chance to perform.Praise their efforts as much as possible.Help the slower students with patience.
Step 4：Homework
Copy the letters and the new words and finish off the workbook. (Do entering famous school)
Period 3
Step 1: Lead-in
Begin the class with singing the song of Good morning together. Free talk. Ask : Hi! Good morning, Tom. Or Morning, Dale. etc. Let the students get used to speaking English in class，even after class, Encourage the students to speak English as much as possible.Say out all the letters in English while you are pointing the letters or things in the classroom.Make sure all the students know what you are saying and what it is in English.
Speech Cassette la of section B.Play the tape and ask the students to listen to it carefully, then act it out, also do the task of lb on the book.Next get the students to write down the small letters for each word (abbr.).
Step 2：Pairwork
Get the students to practise the dialogue by pointing out the things they know how to say in English.Ask the students to exchange the roles.Let them fill in the missing letter of each word in pairs.
Step 3：Listen and repeat
List out the letter A on the blackboard and encourage the students to say out what other words a1so make the same pronunciation. Give them some tips. Present the other letters the same as the 1etter A.Let the students follow the chant after the tape.
Step 4：Homework
Finish off the workbook.(Do entering famous school)
Period 4
Step 1：Go through all the contents list on this part，make sure all the students understand them. If they dont，you may use Chinese to explain it. (Do entering famous school)
單元教學(xué)測(cè)評(píng)
一、寫(xiě)出下列字母左鄰右舍
1. _____B______ 2. ______c ______ 3. _____f______ 4. ____E_____ 5. _____g _____
二、寫(xiě)出下列大字字母的小寫(xiě)字母。
1. BEE ________ 2. BAG _______ 3. BED _______ 4. HB _______ 5. CD _______
6. ABC ________ 7. AD _______ 8. CAAC _______ 9. BEC _______ 10. FACE _______
三、比較下列每組字母或單詞的讀音，相同的用(S)， 不同的用(D)表示。
1. b, a ( ) 2. c, e ( ) 3. a, e ( ) 4. b, d ( ) 5. a, c ( ) 6. Dale, Alice ( )
7. Frank, thanks ( ) 8. evening, Helen ( ) 9. A, H ( ) 10. E, F ( )
四、看圖寫(xiě)出下列圖所表示內(nèi)容的縮寫(xiě)字母或單詞。
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
__________ ____________ ____________ ___________ ___________
五、單項(xiàng)選擇
( )1. ---Good evening, Eric. ---_________, Cindy.
A. Good morning B. Good afternoon C. Good evening
( )2.一Good morning! ---_________
A.Thank you B.Good morning! C.Hello!
( )3.一Hello! 一_________
A.Hello! B.Thank you C.Im fine
( )4.一Sit down，P1ease. ---_________.
A.Im fine B.My name is Li Lei C.Thank you
( )5.一Whats your name? --________.
A.Clark B. Im OK. C.Thank you
六、從所給選項(xiàng)中選出能回答以下問(wèn)題的交際用語(yǔ)
1.A：Good morning，class.
B: __________________.
2.A：Hello，Jim.How are you?
B：________.
3.A：Whats your name?
B：____________ .
4.A：Sit down，please.
B：___________.
5.A：Whats this?
B：__________.
a.Its B. b.Good morning，teacher. c.Fine，thank you.
d.My name is Jim. e.Thank you.
七、連詞成句
1.good，you，to，morning
2.you, hi, how, Grace, are
3.name，my，Jim，is
4.sit，Please，down
5.fine，you，thank
八、選擇正確的答案填空
( )1.早上老師進(jìn)教室時(shí)，同學(xué)們應(yīng)對(duì)老師說(shuō)：____________
A.Hello! B. How are you?
C.Good morning，Mr/Miss! D.Good afternoon
( )2.假設(shè)你叫Lin Lin，當(dāng)人家問(wèn)你Are you Lin Lin?時(shí)，你應(yīng)該說(shuō)： ___________
A.My name is Lin Lin. B.Yes，I am. C.I am not. D.Yes.it is.
( )3.當(dāng)你要向別人打聽(tīng)某事時(shí)，你應(yīng)說(shuō)：__________
A.Hello B.Sorry C.Excuse me D.Hi
( )4.當(dāng)你向別人介紹你的朋友Jim時(shí)，你應(yīng)說(shuō)：__________
A.This is Jim B.He is Jim C.You are Jim D.I am Jim
( )5.當(dāng)你認(rèn)錯(cuò)人時(shí)，你應(yīng)說(shuō)：___________.
A. Excuse me B. Im OK C.Im sorry D.Thank you
( )6. _____________? --Fine，thank you.
A. How do you do B.How old are you C. Can you spell it D. How are you
九、補(bǔ)全對(duì)話(huà)
1.A：Hello! B: ________________!
A：Whats your name? B: ___________name is Kate Green.
A：_______ are you? B: Fine, __________you. How are you?
A：Im fine.Whats this? B: _____________ Gg.
A：Thank_______ .
2.T：Good morning，class.
S：_____________________, teacher. T: How are you?
S：______________, thank you, ________you? T: Im fine, ________. Whats this?
S：Its Nn(嗯). T: No, its Nn /en/.
S： Nn /en/ T: Yes, sit _____________, please.
參考答案
一、1.ABC 2.b c d 3.e f g 4.D E F 5.f g h
二、1.bee 2.bag 3.bed 4.hb 5.cd 6. abc 7. ad 8. caac 9. bec 10. face
三、1. D 2.S 3. D 4. S 5. D 6. D 7. S 8. D 9. S 10. D
四、1. HB 2. bed 3. BBC 4. CD 5. hand 五、1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.A
六、1.b 2.c 3.d 4.e 5.A
七、1.Good morning to you.2.Hi, Grace. How are you? 3.My name is Jim.4.Sit down，please.5.Fine.thank you.
八、1.C 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.D
